This essay examines and criticizes a set of Kantian objections to Parfit’s attempt in Reasons and Persons to connect his theory of personal identity to practical rationality and moral philosophy. Several of Parfit’s critics have tried to sever the link he forges between his metaphysical and practical conclusions by invoking the Kantian thought that even if we accept his metaphysical theory of p...

A recent article by Cashmore (1) addressed the ways in which the criminal justice system might be affected by not recognizing free will. The Oxford philosopher Bradley (2) examined this issue from a Darwinian perspective over 100 years ago. Like Cashmore (1), he found that the nonexistence of free will undermined the retributive principle of justice (2). Bradley (2) went on to note, however, th...

organizational justice is a term used to describe the employee's perceptions about fairness in organizational behavior and communications. the researches show the organizational justice has so affect on different aspect of behavior. so, this research explores the differential effects of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) on job and o...

Pope Benedict XVI’s 2009 Encyclical-Letter ‘‘Caritas in Veritate,’’ (CV) breaks some new ground in the tradition of Catholic social teaching. I argue that explicitly this document makes a call for a new theory of economic exchange. Whereas, the traditional scholastic theory of the ‘‘just price’’ was focused on ‘‘the principle of the equivalence in value of exchanged goods’’ (CV 35), a new theor...

introduction: in order to fulfill the health and medical needs of rural people, iran's medical services insurance organization approved a plan to provide rural health insurance in 2005. the plan aimed to make an appropriate context for the activities of private health care service providers in the rural areas and to meet public expectations for access to specialized medical services. in this st...