To study the effects of nitrogen addition to the breathing mixture on sleep disturbances at pressure, two dives were performed in which helium-nitrogen-oxygen mixture was used up to 450 m sea water (msw). In total, sleep of 12 professional divers was analyzed (i.e., 184 night records). Sleep was disrupted by compression and by stay at 450 msw: we observed an increase in awake periods and in sle...

Contributions of specific sleep stages to cognitive processes are increasingly understood. Non-REM is particularly implicated in episodic memory consolidation, whilst REM preferentially consolidates and regulates emotional information, gives rise creativity insight. Dream content reflects these processes: non-REM dreams more likely picture memories, whereas bizarre. However, across-the-night di...

Acknowledgements I want to thank Dr. Andreas Eisele who first introduced me to the topic of statistical machine translation and who supported me throughout with excellent ideas, useful advice, and a very pleasant sense of humour. Further, I would like to thank Jan Strunk who provided me with his sentence boundary detector Punkt and who invested quite some time in order to get the program workin...

UNLABELLED Insufficient daytime sleep may result in reduction of effectiveness and safety during overnight military missions. The usefulness of temazepam and zaleplon to optimize afternoon sleep and their effects on performance and alertness during a subsequent night shift were studied. METHOD In a randomized double-blind within-subjects design, 11 subjects took 20 mg of temazepam, 10 mg of z...

One of the proposed ecological functions of sleep is to conserve energy. The majority of studies that support this theory have been done on endothermic animals whose body temperatures drop during sleep due to the reduced neurological control of thermoregulation. In the present study, we examined typical temperatures to which the Desert Iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, is exposed to in the field an...

The study of sleep has been neglected within sociology, yet may provide insights into fundamental aspects of the nature of gender inequalities. This article examines how, for couples with children, sleep is influenced by the gendered nature of caring. A key concern is not only who gets up to care for children's physical needs at night, but whether this changes with women's increased role in the...