We genotyped 102 Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolated from ticks, animals, and patients in 11 provinces in China by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) amplification of 5S (rrf)-23S (rrl) rRNA gene spacer amplicons and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). The results showed that Borrelia garinii was the main genotype in China (65/102) and that it was distributed ...

INTRODUCTION The evidence supporting chronic disease self-management warrants further attention. Our aim was to identify existing policies, strategies and frameworks that support self-management initiatives. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted as an environmental scan, consisting of an Internet search of government and other publicly available websites, and interviews with jurisdicti...

Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest source of crude oil and related industries govern the region. One of the contaminants in this area is heavy metals associated with oil spill. More importantly, vanadium, nickel and zinc can be named in this regard. In this study, the contamination of northern coasts of Persian Gulf is selected to investigate for trace metals of V, Ni, C...

The geographic distribution of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Iran was analyzed using a database of 7606 georeferencedobservations. Astragalus occurs in all provinces of Iran, but 88% ofthe observations are in five provinces including Tehran, West-Azerbaijan, Esfahan, Kordestan, and Khorasan-e Razavi.Most species are rare and narrowly endemic: Thelargest distance between two observations of the same ...

INTRODUCTION Preparedness of hospital has a major impact on their optimal and satisfactory performance. This study aimed to investigate the preparedness of the hospitals to deal with disasters. CASE PRESENTATION This cross-sectional study was carried in 2011 and all of the hospitals which were located in the northern areas of Iran were investigated through the census method. The data collecti...

Goat warble-fly infestation is caused by przhevalskiana silenus (Diptra Oestridae) larvae and it is characterized by the presence of warble under the hide of the back and flanks of the animal. This study was carried out from March 2009 to March 2010 on the hides sent to the khorasn leather industries for grading, processing and tanning. This study demonstrated from 340,797 goat hides e...

The Research Institute of Applied Economics (IREA) in Barcelona was founded in 2005, as a research institute in applied economics. Three consolidated research groups make up the institute: AQR, RISK and GiM, and a large number of members are involved in the Institute. IREA focuses on four priority lines of investigation: (i) the quantitative study of regional and urban economic activity and ana...

China has frequently been questioned about the data transparency and accuracy of its energy and emission statistics. Satellite-derived remote sensing data potentially provide a useful tool to study the variation in carbon dioxide (CO2) mass over areas of the earth's surface. In this study, Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) tropospheric CO2 concentration data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis ...

Background: The effect of natural background radiation on health is still controversial. However, it is clear that it depends on the dose received by the population. The estimation of external natural background gamma rays received by the population of Caspian coastal provinces in the northern part of Iran was the main goal of this study. Materials and Methods: Gamma rays was measured ...