Abstract The paper aims at a retrospective analysis of the evolution NATO in context new security challenges that have arisen, especially eastern and northeastern areas Europe, factors substantially contributed to strategic orientation political-military organization, acting both from within, as well without. work follows stages events had major impact on positioning Alliance one direction or a...

Intelligence studies missed social science’s “complexity turn” more than twenty years ago. The aim of this article is to examine military intelligence from a complexity science perspective and discuss related concepts such as sensemaking reflexivity. For this, theory, doctrine, practice are studied. Complexity insights sciences used review mental models current thinking in intelligence. Rather ...

Acoustic playback is commonly used to study wild birds, with applications as diverse investigating behaviours, ascertaining the presence of rare and elusive species, attracting individuals a location. The number studies employing growing larger every year because it easy apply, increasingly affordable very effective. However, way that reported varies significantly across researchers species. Th...

Department of Geography " Turkey is a concrete link between two continents. The country is also at the centre of the intersection between the East-West and the North-South arteries of the Middle East and Persian Gulf areas. Finally, Turkey serves as a barrier which hinders Soviet access to the Mediterranean and the Middle East " CREMASCO, M. (1984) " In political, economic and strategic terms, ...

The article is devoted to the possible directions of NATO military operations against Kaliningrad region as an anti-access and area denial zone (A2/AD), which interferes with plans North Atlantic Alliance in Baltic (based on materials from open publications winter-spring 2021). Shows danger unrealizability these intentions (including basis results Polish exercise Zima-20).

the world intellectual property organization copyright treaty (wct) is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the world intellectual property organization (wipo) in geneva on december 20, 1996. it provides additional protections for copyright deemed necessary due to advances in information technology since the formation of previous copyright treaties before it....