A recent model of collective action distinguishes two distinct pathways; an emotional pathway whereby anger in response to injustice motivates action, and an efficacy pathway where the belief that issues can be solved collectively increases the likelihood that group members take action (van Zomeren, Spears, Fischer, & Leach, 2004). Research supporting this model has, however, focused entirely o...

A number of individuals and organizations have considerable influence over the selection of global health priorities and strategies. For some that influence derives from control over financial resources. For others it comes from expertise and claims to moral authority—what can be termed, respectively, epistemic and normative power. In contrast to financial power, we commonly take for granted th...

In the last years, social and organizational aspects of agency have become a major issue in multi-agent systems’ research. Recent applications of MAS enforce the need of using these aspects in order to ensure some social order within these systems. Tools to control and regulate the overall functioning of the system are needed in order to enforce global laws on the autonomous agents operating in...

Abstract The autonomy thesis is the claim that one cannot get a normative statement from purely descriptive statements. But despite its intuitive appeal precise formulation of has remained elusive. In recent paper, Maguire (2015) makes promising suggestion should be understood in terms ground. Maguire’s formulation, I argue, based on controversial taxonomic assumptions make into non-substantive...

In multivariate normative comparisons, a patient's profile of test scores is compared to those in a normative sample. Recently, it has been shown that these multivariate normative comparisons enhance the sensitivity of neuropsychological assessment. However, multivariate normative comparisons require multivariate normative data, which are often unavailable. In this paper, we show how a multivar...

In this paper we are interested in developing goal-based normative agent architectures. We ask ourselves the question what a normative goal is. To answer this question we introduce a qualitative normative decision theory based on belief (B) and obligation (O) rules. We show that every agent which makes optimal decisions – which we call a BO rational agent – acts as if it is maximizing the set o...

BACKGROUND The methodology of medical ethics during the last few decades has shifted from a predominant use of normative-philosophical analyses to an increasing involvement of empirical methods. The articles which have been published in the course of this so-called 'empirical turn' can be divided into conceptual accounts of empirical-normative collaboration and studies which use socio-empirical...

Global health research is essentially a normative undertaking: we use it to propose policies that ought to be implemented. To arrive at a normative conclusion in a logical way requires at least one normative premise, one that cannot be derived from empirical evidence alone. But there is no widely accepted normative premise for global health, and the actors with the power to set policies may use...

The three dichotomies model, first proposed in Hunt (1976), restricts marketing science to the positive half of the positive-normative dichotomy. We argue that the "necessity challenge" of the positive-normative dichotomy in Robin (1977) stands, and that the positive half of the positive-normative dichotomy is virtually empty if all of the normative terms are removed. Thus marketing, as current...

We introduce Multimodal Logics of Normative Systems as a contribution to the development of a general logical framework for reasoning about normative systems over logics for Multi-Agent Systems. Given a multimodal logicL, for every modality 2i and normative system η, we expand the language adding a new modality 2ηi with the intended meaning of 2 η i φ being ”φ is obligatory in the context of th...