purpose: to report a case of unilateral severe visual loss and bilateral optic disc cupping secondary to brain metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma patient and findings: a 48 year-old woman presented with severe visual loss of left eye without redness or pain or any systemic findings .clinical findings included decreased visual acuity of left eye to 4 m cf and (+3) positive marcus-gunn reflex ....

Objective(s): Prenatal stresses increase incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders and influence cognitive abilities. Glucocorticoids are released in stress condition as endpoint activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Evidence indicates a cross-talk between gut microbiota and brain function. This study assesses the effect of probiotic supplementation ...

Serotonin is believed as an important factor in brain function. The role of serotonin in cerebral psycho-patho-physiology has already been well established. However, the function of serotonin antagonist in anesthetized subjects under hyperthermia has not been studied properly. Methods: Experiments were performed in three groups of urethane-anesthetized rats, such as: (i) control group, (ii) wh...

Our knowledge of the relationship between brain structure and cognitive function is still limited. Human brains and individual cortical areas vary considerably in size and shape. Studies of brain cell numbers have historically been based on biased methods, which did not always result in correct estimates and were often very time-consuming. Within the last 20-30 years, it has become possible to ...

Introduction: Filtering can greatly affect the quality of clinical images. Determining the best filter and the proper degree of smoothing can help to ensure the most accurate diagnosis. Methods: Forty five patient’s data aquired during brain phantom SPECT studies were reconstructed using filtered back-projection technique. The ramp, Shepp-Logan, Cosine, Hamming, Hanning, Butterworth, Metz...

Neuroimaging findings have proposed that some brain regions including the precuneus, posterior cingulate, and medial prefrontal cortex play an essential role of a structural core in the brain. Network organization endures rapid alterations in development with changes in axonal synaptic connectivity, white matter volume, and the thickness of corresponding cortical regions. Structural maturation ...

The human auditory cortex is the gateway to the most powerful and complex communication systems and yet relatively little is known about its functional organization as compared to the visual system. Several lines of evidence, predominantly from recent studies, indicate that sound recognition and sound localization are processed in two at least partially independent networks. Evidence from human...

Let X be a random variable from a normal distribution with unknown mean θ and known variance σ2. In many practical situations, θ is known in advance to lie in an interval, say [−m,m], for some m > 0. As the usual estimator of θ, i.e., X under the LINEX loss function is inadmissible, finding some competitors for X becomes worthwhile. The only study in the literature considered the problem of min...