This paper analyses information acquisition in ultimatum bargaining with common values. Because of an endogenous lemons problem the equilibriumpayoffs of the agents are non-monotonic in the information cost. The mere possibility of information acquisition can cause no trade although the agents maintain symmetric information in equilibrium and the gain from trade is common knowledge. The agent r...

We build a game-theoretic model where aggression can be triggered by domestic political concerns as well as the fear of being attacked. In the model, leaders of full and limited democracies risk losing power if they do not stand up to threats from abroad. In addition, the leader of a fully democratic country loses the support of the median voter if he attacks a non-hostile country. The result i...

We present mechanisms for the creation of strategies by mixing behaviour-dependent and -independent tactics in multiissue negotiation. The traditional linear weighted combination of tactics may generate non-monotonic utilities over time even in the case of a monotonic series of opponent’s offers. The proposed methods guarantee monotonic utilities, which can improve negotiation outcomes in many ...

A. Tarski [21] proposed the study of infinitary consequence operations as the central topic of mathematical logic. He considered monotonicity to be a property of all such operations. In this paper, we weaken the monotonicity requirement and consider more general operations, inference operations. These operations describe the nonmonotonic logics both humans and machines seem to be using when inf...

As in the cases of freeness and monotonic independence, the notion of conditional freeness is meaningful when complex-valued states are replaced by positive conditional expectations. In this framework, the paper presents several positivity results, a version of the central limit theorem and an analogue of the conditionally free R-transform constructed by means of multilinear function series.

Some Italian sentences related to linguistic phenomena largely known and recently discussed by many computational linguists are discussed in the framework of AT:~. They offer certain difficulties which seem to suggest a substantial revision of the ATN formalism. The theoretical assumptions and an experimental implementation of such a revision are presented, together with examples. }:any related...

All forms of non-monotonic reasoning so far proposed suffer from a common failing: they are not computationally highly effective, indeed for the most part cannot be carried out even in principle. They inv olve either selfconsistency tests, or general theorem-proving techniques. Here we argue that, in fact, all non-monotonic logics proposed involve a kind of self-referential reasoning, and that ...

Social networks can be embedded in an n-dimensional space, where the dimensions may reveal or denote underlying properties of interest. When the pertaining actors occupy niches of resources in this space, e.g., organizational niches of affiliates, we show there exists a non-monotonic effect of dimensionality change. Depending on niche width, relatively narrow or wide, dimensionality change has ...

Bank management can change its charter and so its supervisor(s) at any time. Some argue that the supervisory competition resulting from the existence of the charter flip option promotes more efficient bank regulation. Others assert that it leads to " competition in laxity " as supervisors compete for clientele. Research on this issue is warranted because little empirical research on charter fli...

We present a weighted algebraic non-monotonic logic we refer to as LogAG for reasoning with uncertain beliefs. In LogAG, the classical logical formulas could be associated with ordered grades representing measures of uncertainty. The revision of beliefs in LogAG, when contradictions arise, is done according to the grades of the contradictory propositions. Throughout the paper, we present the sy...