OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether adverse event reports to the US Food and Drug Administration on incidents of ketoacidosis from use of sodium glucose cotransport inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) provide insight into ways this new class of drugs is being prescribed with other antihyperglycemic agents; to examine possible mechanisms to explain ketoacidosis. DESIGN AND METHODS Reports of adverse event...

BACKGROUND The cardiovascular and long-term noncardiovascular safety and efficacy of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors have not been well documented. METHODS AND RESULTS For cardiovascular outcomes, we performed a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials and adjusted observational studies, each with a minimum of 26 weeks and 2000 patient-yea...

BACKGROUND Because of the progressive nature of the disease, most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus eventually require multiple treatments to achieve glycaemic targets. The majority of available therapies are insulin dependent, aiming to decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin secretion. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic agents, limit ...

This paper provides an overview of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) associated with the use sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. euDKA is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors, and its clinical presentation differs from traditional ketoacidosis. discusses epidemiology, pathophysiology, manifestations, diagn...

Background: Literature has shown the positive impact of ambulatory care pharmacists on diabetes management, yet additional research clinical outcomes compared to traditional models is warranted. Objective: The objective this study evaluate an pharmacist glycemic control over two years patients who received usual care. Methods: This retrospective cohort matched with a baseline hemoglobin A1c (Hg...

In the last few years, the type 2 sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLT2) have been the subject of particular attention as a new, potent group of anti-diabetic drugs. SGLT2 inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, which prompts urinary excretion of glucose and results in lowering of its plasma levels. Although this group of medications is still under investigation, their efficacy in...

Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of mortality among diabetic patients. Although hyperglycemia is a major determinant of macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetes, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability have also a strong influence on the cardiovascular system. This overview presents the current state of knowledge on the impact of...

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease requiring chronic dialysis or renal transplantation, resulting in high morbidity, mortality and societal costs to Canadians. Unfortunately, glycemic targets are often not achieved, and existing medications that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system only offer partial protection against the development of renal and...