secure electronic transaction (set) protocol is an open protocol, which has the potential to emerge as a powerful tool in securing of electronic transactions. the quality of a design of an ecommerce protocols has a great influence on achieving non-functional requirements (nfrs) to the system. an increasingly important non-functional attribute of complex software systems is adaptability. softwar...

Social interactions among individuals are abundant, both in wild and in domestic populations. With social interactions, the genes of an individual may affect the trait values of other individuals, a phenomenon known as indirect genetic effects (IGEs). IGEs can be estimated using linear mixed models. Most IGE models assume that individuals interact equally to all group mates irrespective of rela...

Among the several non-conventional processes, electrical discharge machining (EDM) is the most widely and successfully applied for the machining of conductive parts. In this technique, the tool has no mechanical contact with the work piece and also the hardness of work piece has no effect on the machining pace. Hence, this technique could be employed to machine hard materials such as super allo...

Genetic algorithms, and other forms of evolutionary computation, are controlled by numerous parameters, such as crossover and mutation rates, population size, among others depending upon the specific form of evolutionary computation as well as which operators are employed. Setting the values for these parameters is no simple task. In this paper, we develop a genetic algorithm with adaptive cont...

In applying the Genetic Programming paradigm to the task of evolving iterative sorting algorithms, a variety of interesting lessons were learned. With proper selection of the primitives, sorting algorithms were evolved that are both general and non-trivial. The sorting problem was then used as a testbed to evaluate the value of several alternative parameters, with some small gains shown. The va...

Genetic improvement is based on selecting genetically superior animals. From the phenotypic performance of an animal it is not known whether an animal is genetically superior or whether good performance is caused by favourable management or environmental effects. Genetic principles are applied in genetic evaluation programs like PIGBLUP to determine genetically superior animals which is express...

Integrated production-distribution planning (PDP) is one of the most important approaches in supply chain networks. We consider a supply chain network (SCN) to consist of multi suppliers, plants, distribution centers (DCs), and retailers. A bi-objective mixed integer linear programming model for integrating production-distribution designed here aim to simultaneously minimize total net costs in ...

Objective(s): Short tandem repeat (STR) loci are the most informative DNA genetic markers for attempting to individualize biological material for application in paternity and forensic cases. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected and the total genomic DNA was extracted. The DNA samples were used for genotyping VWA and TPOX STR loci using PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ...

Abstract In this paper, multi-objective optimization (MOO) of Al2O3-water nanofluid flow in microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) with triangular ribs is performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms (NSGA II). At first, nanofluid flow is solved numerically in various MCHS with triangular ribs using CFD techniques. Finally, the CFD data will...