•Current controversies about the definitions of taxon names reflect different underlying philosophical perspectives concerning the nature of definitions. The antithetical perspectives, called methodological essentialism and methodological nominalism (Popper, 1966, The open society and its enemies, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ), are exemplified by alternative views in a controversy surro...

the diagnosis and classification of periodontal diseases has remained a dilemma since long. two distinct concepts have been used to define diseases: essentialism and nominalism. essentialistic concept implies the real existence of disease whereas; nominalistic concept states that the names of diseases are the convenient way of stating concisely the endpoint of a diagnostic process. it generally...

The aim of this paper is that of analysing trope bundle theory, its promises and some of its problems. First of all, it will begin by showing what trope bundle theory is, its development and its undoubted appeal. Then, it will focus on two problems that affect this theory, both concerned with the relation of compresence invoked in order to explain what a material object is by the bundle theory....

\ I~I~RODUCTION The problem of explicating the meaning of natural language discourse and how this meaning is obtained has been of central importance to the study of philosophy since the time of Aristotle. This problem has continued to perplex philosophers, linguists, psychologists, and other academicians right up to this very day, such perplexity manifesting itself in disputes such as nominalis...

Charles Peirce was influenced by German philosophy to conceive logic as one of a carefully related set of theoretical disciplines called the Normative Sciences, strategically located in his Classification of the Sciences between Phenomenology and Metaphysics. Barely enough evidence is available from his archived manuscripts to indicate how he might have developed that part of his philosophy in ...

There has been a debate on the diagnosis and classification of periodontal diseases since dentists first became interested in periodontology. In this respect, periodontology is not unique; comparable discussions can be encountered in many fields of medicine, especially in complex diseases. Diagnosis is defined as the act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms, whereas classificati...

Within linguistics, the dominant truth-conditional approach to semantics belongs to the Tarskian, model-theoretic tradition. Theories in this tradition offer an abstract, mathematical description of the truth conditions of natural language expressions in terms of their correspondence with the world. This thesis takes issue with existing modeltheoretic accounts of quantification on the basis tha...

Culture is an emergent property of human systems. It differentiates humans from other animals because it describes how humans ‘make themselves’ through symbolism. Humans, unlike other creatures, create complex identities through symbols, knowledge, information and communication or ‘discourse’. Culture enables humans to construct a reality for themselves and, as such, humans prescribe their envi...

ions which are infinite and do not lend themselves to a constructivist interpretation-which make classical mathematics effective. One should try to imagine how much help mathematics could have provided twentieth century quantum physics if for the past hundred years it had developed using only abstractions from "constructive objects". Most likely, the standard calculationsions from "constructive...

Critical analysis of the published literature about the effects of narghile use on oral health D uring the last decades, there has been an increased trend in narghile use globally (1, 2). It has been considered as a global threat and given the status of an epidemic by public health officials (3). Several reviews were written concerning the health effects of narghile use, especially cardiorespir...