Manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) are increasingly released into the environment and thus research on their fate and behaviour in complex environmental samples is urgently needed. The fate of MNPs in the aquatic environment will mainly depend on the physico-chemical characteristics of the medium. The presence and concentration of natural organic matter (NOM) will play a significant role on the ...

Membrane processes for surface water treatment include microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF), depending on the target material to be removed and the limiting process economics. MF will remove turbidity, but no dissolved compounds, unless associated with colloids, UF will, depending on the molecular weight cut off (MWCO), partially remove NOM, and NF will remove NOM ...

The effects of calcium, cupric, ferrous and ferric ions on the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were investigated using natural organic matter (NOM), small molecular weight NOM surrogates and natural water samples. The results showed that the effects were greatly dependent on the disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor structure and molecular weight, and metal ions...

Organic matter present in natural water sources is a concern in drinking water treatment because of its role in reacting to form disinfection by-products, contributing to membrane filtration fouling, and binding and transporting contaminants (Leenheer & Croué 2003). When the effects of organic matter on treatment processes are considered, a major source of uncertainty is the variable compositio...

BACKGROUND Selective non-operative management (NOM) for the treatment of blunt splenic trauma is safe. Currently, the feasibility of selective NOM for penetrating splenic injury (PSI) is unclear. Unfortunately, little is known about the success rate of spleen-preserving surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of selective NOM for penetrating splenic injuries. ...

Chlorine oxidation followed by treatment with activated carbon was studied as a possible method for removing radioactive iodine from water. Chlorination time, chlorine dose, the presence of natural organic matter (NOM), the presence of bromide ion (Br⁻), and carbon particle size strongly affected iodine removal. Treatment with superfine powdered activated carbon (SPAC) after 10-min oxidation wi...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The study aims to describe the evidence-based management and controversies in blunt splenic trauma. RECENT FINDINGS A shift from operative management to non-operative management (NOM) has occurred over the past decades where NOM has now become the standard of care in haemodynamically stable patients with blunt splenic injury. Splenic artery embolisation (SAE) is generally be...

As water scarcity intensifies, point-of-use and point-of-entry treatment may provide a means of exploiting locally available water resources that are currently considered to be unsafe for human consumption. Among the different classes of drinking water contaminants, toxic trace elements (e.g., arsenic and lead) pose substantial operational challenges for distributed drinking water treatment sys...

In situ capping of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated sediments with a layer of activated carbon has been proposed, but several questions remain regarding the long-term effectiveness of this remediation strategy. Here, we assess the degree to which kinetic limitations, size exclusion effects, and electrostatic repulsions impaired PCB sorption to activated carbon. Sorption of 11 PCB con...

The authors present an agent-based stochastic simulation model of NOM transformations and its implementation using Java/Swarm. An autonomic self-manageable infrastructure is designed to facilitate remote invocation of simulations, analysis and reports of the resulting large simulation datasets. The NOM simulation system may be useful in many areas including chemistry, geology, microbial ecology...