patients and methods this study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. a hundred boys with pmne and ihc were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (treated with hct 1 mg/kg/day) and control and all patients were followed for 4 months for the number of wet-night episodes. results the mean numbers of wet-night episodes in the first (intervention: 8.34 ± 8.54,...

Diurnal and nocturnal African dung beetles use celestial cues, such as the sun, the moon, and the polarization pattern, to roll dung balls along straight paths across the savanna. Although nocturnal beetles move in the same manner through the same environment as their diurnal relatives, they do so when light conditions are at least 1 million-fold dimmer. Here, we show, for the first time to our...

To study the validity of a 'smart' system of telesurveillance in elderly patients, GARDIEN, a passive infra-red sensor network, was connected to a computer placed at a remote site from the patient. It switched on automatically every day and remained active throughout the night. Data corresponding to movements within the room were collected twice per second. During the experimental period, the d...

The swimming, air-gaping, and agonistic behaviours of Heterobranchus longifilis (318 ± 67 mm) were examined while fish were in a fasted state under 12L:12D and variable group size (2, 5, 10 and 15 fish) in a 1000L aquarium. Fish exhibited a predominantly nocturnal activity pattern independent of group size. A diurnal peak of activity occurred, however, at the usual feeding time. A reduction in ...

How does the brain develop differently to support nocturnality in some mammals, but diurnality in others? To answer this question, one might look to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the pacemaker of the mammalian brain, which is required for all circadian biological and behavioral rhythms. Light arriving at the retina entrains the SCN to the daily light-dark cycle via the retinohypothalamic t...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Angiogenesis is a key response to tissue ischemia that may be impaired by uremia. Although early-outgrowth endothelial progenitor-like cells promote angiogenesis in the setting of normal renal function, cells from uremic patients are dysfunctional. When compared with conventional hemodialysis, it was hypothesized that nocturnal hemodialysis would improve the in vivo an...

Fishes were collected over 7 months (February to June and November to December 1999) from seven sandbanks located on the main channel of the Cinaruco River, Venezuela. Significant shifts in assemblage structure and species richness were documented between diurnal and nocturnal samples. Seine samples standardized for effort yielded 41 604 individual fishes representing seven orders, 25 families,...

Effects of two different light intensities during daytime were examined on human circadian rhythms in plasma melatonin, core body temperature, and wrist activity under a fixed sleep schedule. Sleep qualities as indicated by polysomnography and subjective sleepiness were also measured. In the first week, under dim light conditions ( approximately 10 lx), the onset and peak of nocturnal melatonin...