Any medical or psychosocial treatment has two components, one associated with the specific effects of the treatment itself, and the other related to the treatment context, individual perception, imagination, subjective meaning and psychobiological response. Psychopharmacotherapy is a context dependent practice because different contexts affect the meaning of biological variables in different wa...

due to Gelsemium noxious compounds if more selective compounds can be identified. Centesimal (C) dilutions of G. sempervirens (4C, 5C, 7C, 9C, and 30C) appeared able to change significantly mouse behavioral effects as assessed in the open-field (OF) and light–dark (LD) tests in blind and randomized fashion (Magnani et al., 2010) but effects in the elevated plus-maze, an assay considered to be i...

Background: This study aimed to evaluate whether the high frequency of reported statin adverse effects (AEs) may be associated with nocebo effect. We compared nocebo-related subjective AEs objective and investigated factors potentially Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted using Food Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System between January 2010 December 2019 for statins, inclu...

To describe the role of internet and cognitive biases in controversy surrounding chronic Lyme disease. The attribution but aspecific symptoms to borreliosis is a source worldwide controversy. Some patients attribute their even though, fact, they have functional somatic syndrome. These patients’ diagnostic therapeutic wandering contributes above suffering. Internet has deregulated information ma...

It is well-known that placebo is a substance without medical effects, which benefits the health status because of the patient's belief that the substance is effective and that the nocebo is defined as a substance without medical effects but which worsenes the health status of the person taking it by the negative beliefs and expectations of the patient. Starting with the history of the placebo e...