The mechanism and kinetics underlying reactions between the naturally-occurring antioxidant sinapic acid (SA) and the very damaging ·NO2 and ·OH were investigated through the density functional theory (DFT). Two most possible reaction mechanisms were studied: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and radical adduct formation (RAF). Different reaction channels of neutral and anionic sinapic acid (SA-) sc...

4 LIST OF ORIGINAL PAPERS 5 ABBREVIATIONS 8 INTRODUCTION 9 AIR POLLUTANTS 9 NO2 and its chemical properties 10 Pulmonary deposition of NO2 11 Health effects of air pollutants 11 Epidemiologic studies of health effects of NO2 12 Controlled human exposure studies in healthy subjects 12 Controlled human exposure studies in asthmatics 13 ALLERGIC AIRWAY DISEASE 14 Rhinitis and asthma 14 Combined ai...

Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO2 vertical column density data were used in conjunction with in-situ NO2 concentrations collected by permanently installed monitoring stations to infer 24 h surface-level NO2 concentrations at 0.1 (∼11 km) resolution. The region examined included rural and suburban areas, and the highly industrialised area of Windsor, Ontario, which is situated d...

We investigated the effects of NO2 and allergen on lung function in a repeated exposure model. For 4 subsequent days, 16 subjects with mild asthma and allergy to birch or grass pollen were exposed at rest to either purified air or 500 microg x m(-3) NO2 for 30 min in an exposure chamber. Four hours later, an individually determined nonsymptomatic allergen dose was inhaled. Lung function (forced...

The antitumor agent flavone-8-acetic acid (FAA) is remarkable because it induces hemorrhagic necrosis, altered tumor blood flow, and cytokine synthesis. We show here that FAA and structurally related analogues increase plasma nitrite plus nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) levels in mice. Dose-dependent increases in plasma NO2-/NO3- concentrations, which reached maximum levels at 12 h, were found following ad...

RATIONALE Although substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment. OBJECTIVES To assess the associations of three types of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, ozone [O3], and nitrogen di...

Nitrooleic acid (OA-NO2) is an endogenous lipid product which has novel signaling properties, particularly the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of OA-NO2 against cisplatin-induced kidney injury in mice. Mice were pretreated with OA-NO2 for 48 h before cisplatin administration, and the cisplatin-caused nephrotox...

Proteins can be nitrated by air pollutants (NO2), enhancing their allergenic potential. This work provides 15 insight into protein nitration and subsequent decomposition in the presencet of solar radiation. We also investigated 16 light-induced formation of nitrous acid (HONO) from protein surfaces that were nitrated either online with 17 instantaneous gas phase exposure to NO2 or offline by an...

Involvement of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in inflammatory diseases has been implicated by detection of 3-nitrotyrosine, an allegedly characteristic protein oxidation product, in various inflamed tissues. We show here that nitrite (NO2-), the primary metabolic end product of nitric oxide (NO.), can be oxidized by the heme peroxidases horseradish peroxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lactoperoxidase ...

Nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2), acting as anti-inflammatory signaling mediators, are involved in multiple signaling pathways. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is well known as a cardiovascular risk biomarker. Our results showed that OA-NO2 downregulated the expression of Lp-PLA2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas native OA had no such effect. Furthermore, OA-NO2 could rep...