Hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bonds of the transcript by bacterial RNA polymerase is assisted by 3′NMP of the RNA. Here we provide evidence that this mechanism is also involved in RNA cleavage by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II, suggesting that transcript assisted hydrolysis has emerged before divergence of bacteria and archaea/eukaryotes. Multisubunit RNA polymerase (RNAP), the enzyme accompli...

The permeability characteristics of newborn pig skin and adult rat skin, either fresh or stored, to model drugs were examined and compared. Special attention was paid to the design to a new experimental system suitable for evaluation of skin permeability to various substances. Two types of model substances were used; insulin, a poorly absorbable substance with high molecular weight as a represe...

Abstract Introduction Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) of donor kidneys prior to transplantation provides a platform for delivery novel therapeutics optimize organ quality. This includes RNA interference (RNAi) e.g. antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) that block detrimental microRNAs. The intracellular kinetics RNAi are crucial their pharmacological effect, however, it remains poorly understoo...

BACKGROUND Nomophobia, which is a neologism derived from the combination of "no mobile," "phone," and "phobia" is considered to be a modern situational phobia and indicates a fear of feeling disconnected. OBJECTIVE No psychometric scales are available in Italian for investigating such a construct. We therefore planned a translation and validation study of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q),...

IMPORTANCE Optimal glottal closure as well as symmetrical vocal fold masses and tensions are essential prerequisites for normal voice production. Successful phonosurgery depends on restoring these prerequisites to achieve long-term improvement. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of the laryngeal framework surgical treatments (arytenoid adduction with and without thyroplasty type I [AA ± Th-I]...

Guanylate kinase (GMPK) is a nucleoside monophosphate kinase that catalyzes the reversible phosphoryl transfer from ATP to GMP to yield ADP and GDP. In addition to phosphorylating GMP, antiviral prodrugs such as acyclovir, ganciclovir, and carbovir and anticancer prodrugs such as the thiopurines are dependent on GMPK for their activation. Hence, structural information on mammalian GMPK could pl...

A cellulose solvent system based on lithium chloride (LiCl) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used to assess the merits of partial dissolutions of coarsely ground wood samples. Alkaline Copper Quaternary (ACQ)-treated pine wood was of particular interest for treatment given the potential to generate a copper-rich stream apart from solid and/or liquid lignocellulosic feedstocks. Treatment wi...

OBJECTIVE Determining the frequency of pesticide use in agricultural, pig and poultry production to understand its influence on water resources in the village of Monterredondo in the municipality of San Pedro de Los Milagros (Antioquia) and diagnosing its quality. METHODS 100 % of the households in the village were surveyed regarding chemical use. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The organic solvent dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), as a commonly used vehicle for nonadhesive liquid embolics, is not devoid of local angiotoxic effects. We compared microvascular toxicities of superselective infusions of DMSO with potentially more compatible solvents in swine rete mirabile. METHODS Fourteen swine underwent angiography for superselective catheterization of ...

L-nucleoside analogues such as lamivudine are active for treating viral infections. Like D-nucleosides, the biological activity of the L-enantiomers requires their stepwise phosphorylation by cellular or viral kinases to give the triphosphate. The enantioselectivity of NMP kinases has not been thoroughly studied, unlike that of deoxyribonucleoside kinases. We have therefore investigated the cap...