Oxidative and nitrosative stress is increasingly associated with the pathology of neurodegeneration and aging. The molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative/nitrosative stress-induced neuronal damage are emerging and appear to involve a mode of death in which mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are strongly implicated. Thus, attention is turning towards the modulation of ...

Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal disease in humans, is likely to be exposed to nitrosative stress during natural colonization and disease. The genome of N. meningitidis includes the genes aniA and norB, predicted to encode nitrite reductase and nitric oxide (NO) reductase, respectively. These gene products should allow the bacterium to denitrify nitrite to nitrous ox...

BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly studied animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies currently approved for the treatment of MS slow disease progression, but do not prevent it. A growing body of evidence suggests additional mecha...

Sepsis, as a severe systemic inflammatory response to bacterial infection, represents a major clinical problem. It is characterized by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in the circulation and in the affected organs. The excessive generation of ROS inevitably leads to oxidative stress in the microvasculature and has been implicated as a causative event in a number of...

Over the past decade, the flavohaemoglobin Hmp has emerged as the most significant nitric oxide (NO)-detoxifying protein in many diverse micro-organisms, particularly pathogenic bacteria. Its expression in enterobacteria is dramatically increased on exposure to NO and other agents of nitrosative stress as a result of transcriptional regulation of hmp gene expression, mediated by (at least) four...

The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans encounters diverse environmental stresses when it is in contact with its host. When colonizing and invading human tissues, C. albicans is exposed to ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNIs (reactive nitrogen intermediates). ROS and RNIs are generated in the first line of host defence by phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils....

PURPOSE Oxidative and nitrosative stress underlies cataractogenesis, and therefore, various antioxidants have been investigated for anticataract properties. Several vitamin E analogs have also been studied for anticataract effects due to their antioxidant properties; however, the anticataract properties of tocotrienols have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of to...