ieniveauworden deze twee soorten gedrag uniform behandeld, als normale el-ementen van de procesalgebra. Hun gedragwordt bepaald door gebruik temaken vanstructural operational semantics (SOS) regels [Plotkin, 1981, 2003]. Verder respecterende regels al de verschillen tussen trajectory prefixes en action prefixes, gebaseerd oponze intuïtie over hoe dergelijke processen zich zouden...

Interfacial reactions and shear properties of the In-48Sn (in wt.%) ball grid array (BGA) solder joints after bonding were investigated with four different surface finishes of the substrate over an underlying Cu pad: electroplated Ni/Au (hereafter E-NG), electroless Ni/immersion Au (hereafter ENIG), immersion Ag (hereafter I-Ag) and organic solderability preservative (hereafter OSP). During bon...

The corrosion resistance of electroless nickel (EN) coatings on ferrous substrates is affected by coating porosity. Carbon and iron carbide are present in the microstructure of ferrous alloys. If the sites of carbon and iron carbide are not catalytically active to EN deposition as the rest of substrate surface, there is a possibility of pore formation on these sites. In the present study, the r...

Abstract One of the largest problems with most current thermal power plants is cooling efficiency. This paper aims to massively reduce fuel consumption and heat wasted in hence CO 2 emissions by resolving fouling issues associated air-cooled condensers. In order dust deposition condensers, finned flat tubes were coated nickel−phosphorus nickel−phosphorus−polytetrafluoroethylene (Ni–P-PTFE) an e...

This paper aims to present an experimental investigation for optimum tribological behavior (wear depth and coefficient of friction) of electroless Ni-P-Cu coatings based on four process parameters using artificial bee colony algorithm. Experiments are carried out by utilizing the combination of three coating process parameters, namely, nickel sulphate, sodium hypophosphite, and copper sulphate,...

The development of nanostructured nickel–zinc microbatteries utilizing the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is presented in this paper. The TMV is a high aspect ratio cylindrical plant virus which has been used to increase the active electrode area in MEMS-fabricated batteries. Genetically modifying the virus to display multiple metal binding sites allows for electroless nickel deposition and self-as...