Increased brain ammonium (NH4(+)/NH3) plays a central role in the manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a complex syndrome associated with neurological and psychiatric alterations, which is primarily a disorder of astrocytes. Here, we analysed the influence of NH4(+)/NH3 on the calcium concentration of astrocytes in situ and studied the underlying mechanisms of NH4(+)/NH3-evoked calcium...

The excretion of nitrogenous waste products in the form of ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4 (+)) is a fundamental process in aquatic organisms. For mytilid bivalves, little is known about the mechanisms and sites of excretion. This study investigated the localization and the mechanisms of ammonia excretion in mytilid mussels. An Rh protein was found to be abundantly expressed in the apical cell ...

The known five-coordinate, square-pyramidal, green trans-RuCl2(P-N)(PR3) complexes (P-N = o-diphenylphosphino-N,N'-dimethylaniline; R = Ph (1a), p-tolyl), in the solid state at ambient conditions, or in CDCl3 solution at low temperatures, coordinate CO (at 1 atm) to form beige-coloured trans-monocarbonyl derivatives. In the solution reactions at room temperature, the PR3 ligand dissociates and ...

Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the interactions of NH3 molecules with TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposites in order to completely exploit the adsorption properties of these nanocomposites. Given the need to further comprehend the behavior of the NH3 molecules oriented between the TiO2 nanoparticle and MoS2 monolayer, we have geometrically optimized the complex systems ...

The first structure of an ammonia channel from the Amt/MEP/Rh protein superfamily, determined to 1.35 angstrom resolution, shows it to be a channel that spans the membrane 11 times. Two structurally similar halves span the membrane with opposite polarity. Structures with and without ammonia or methyl ammonia show a vestibule that recruits NH4+/NH3, a binding site for NH4+, and a 20 angstrom-lon...

The effect of Cr(NH3)2ATP, a virtually inert, inner sphere metal-ligand complex, on the kinetics of purified yeast hexokinase PII has been studied at pH 6.5 and pH 7.5. At pH 6.5, where the normal assays exhibit a slow burst-type transient, low concentrations of Cr(NH3)2ATP were found to activate both phii, the initial velocity, and phiII, the steady state velocity. At higher concentrations, Cr...

Three-arcsecond angular resolution (0.03 pc at 2.3 kpc) images of the (J,K) = (1,1) and (2,2) NH3 inversion lines toward W3 Main are presented. These observations show NH3 emission from individual clumps and filaments embedded in the lower density ammonia gas, previously observed with a spatial resolution of 40′′. Toward the molecular core W3 East we detect NH3 emission with broad line profiles...

On the basis of stable alkaline earth metal ammines, a series of M(NH3)6NaCl and M(NH3)6Na2 (M = Mg and Ca) excess electron compounds were theoretically constructed and studied by using the density functional theory. The electride or alkalide characteristics of these compounds are verified by their electronic structures, HOMOs, and small VIE values. It is worth noting that the M(NH3)6Na2 alkali...

The broiler industry is not immune to the problematic nature of NH3 production in animal rearing facilities. Though the headlines of today focus on environmental impact considerations, the detrimental effects of the house air quality on farmers and birds remain considerable for industry viability. This research investigated the vertical stratification of in-house NH3 combined with sampling posi...

Poultry producers in the United States have attempted to maintain barn aerial ammonia (NH3) levels below 25 ppm to improve air quality, and more recently to decrease aerial emissions to the atmosphere. Our objective was to investigate the influence of litter management strategies on NH3 emissions from commercial broiler barns employing new bedding, acid-treated built-up litter (sodium bisulphat...