OBJECTIVE Over 30 loci have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes at genome-wide statistical significance. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) developed from these loci predict diabetes in the general population. We tested if a GRS based on an updated list of 34 type 2 diabetes-associated loci predicted progression to diabetes or regression toward normal glucose regulation (NGR) in the Diabetes P...

NGR peptides that recognize CD13 receptors in tumor neovasculature are of high interest, in particular due to their potential applications in drug targeting. Here we report the synthesis and structural analysis of novel thioether bond-linked cyclic NGR peptides. Our results show that their chemostability (resistance against spontaneous decomposition forming isoAsp and Asp derivatives) strongly ...

Traditionally, the functions of classical immune molecules were thought to be restricted to the immune system. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that some immune proteins contribute to neuronal function. Building upon these observations, McConnell et al. provide direct evidence for a role of MHCI molecules in cerebellar synaptic plasticity and behavior. The authors found that the clas...

Volume 191, no. 3, p. 735–746, 2009. In the original article describing the symbiotic phenotype of the mutant NGR y4lO, we concluded that observed impaired symbiosome differentiation and nitrogen fixation were due to a mutation in the nopJ (formerly y4lO) gene, suggesting a role for nopJ in symbiosome differentiation in host cells of leguminous nodules. In response to a contradictory report by ...

Site U1501 of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 368 locates on a broad regional basement high in the northern margin South China Sea (SCS). This study refines chronostratigraphy upper 160 m sedimentary succession from Hole U1501C using paleomagnetic measurements and cyclostratigraphic analysis Natural Gamma Radiation (NGR) data. Rock magnetic displays that signal sediments...

Nogo/reticulon (RTN)-4 has been strongly implicated as a disease marker for the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Nogo isoforms, including Nogo-A, are ectopically expressed in the skeletal muscle of ALS mouse models and patients and their levels correlate with the disease severity. The notion of a direct involvement of Nogo-A in ALS aetiology is supported by the findings...

Recombination of free charge is a key process limiting the performance of solar cells. For low mobility materials, such as organic semiconductors, the kinetics of non-geminate recombination (NGR) is strongly linked to the motion of charges. As these materials possess significant disorder, thermalization of photogenerated carriers in the inhomogeneously broadened density of state distribution is...

Integrins are cell-adhesion receptors that mediate cell-extracellular-matrix (ECM) and cell-cell interactions by recognizing specific ligands. Recent studies have shown that the formation of isoaspartyl residues (isoAsp) in integrin ligands by asparagine deamidation or aspartate isomerization could represent a mechanism for the regulation of integrin-ligand recognition. This spontaneous post-tr...

Traumatized axons possess an extremely limited ability to regenerate within the adult mammalian CNS. The myelin-derived axon outgrowth inhibitors Nogo, oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein, all bind to an axonal Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) and at least partially account for this lack of CNS repair. Although the intrathecal application of an NgR competitive antagoni...

Traditionally, the functions of classical immune molecules were thought to be restricted to the immune system. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that some immune proteins contribute to neuronal function. Building upon these observations, McConnell et al. provide direct evidence for a role of MHCI molecules in cerebellar synaptic plasticity and behavior. The authors found that the clas...