After implantation of a permanent pacemaker, patients may experience severe symptoms of dyspnea, palpitations, malaise, and syncope resulting from pacemaker syndrome. Although pacemaker syndrome is most often ascribed to the loss of atrioventricular (A-V) synchrony, more recent data may also implicate left ventricular dysynchrony caused by right ventricular pacing. Previous studies have not sho...

Dravet syndrome (DS) is one of the most severe genetic epilepsies of childhood. Charlotte Dravet described severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy in 1978. Shortly after the initial report, many cases were published. Most of the cases have the SCN1A mutation. A variant of DS called borderline severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy has similar clinical and electrographic features without myoclonus. T...

Abnormal movements of the head and neck associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux were first described in five children by Kinsbourne in 1964.' Two of these patients were under the care of the neurologist Paul Sandifer, whose name the syndrome bears. Since then sporadic reports have appeared in the literature, always in children with reflux oesophagitis. We present a case of typical "Sandifer' ...

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder (2-3 times more common in women than in men), associated with interstitial lung disease (the most important feature), dermatomyositis (DM), and polymyositis (PM). The cause of ASS is unknown. Recent developments in immunology have improved our knowledge and it is now possible to classify ASS according to the presence of myositi...