We study the multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems in which the attribute values provided by the decision makers take the form of intuitionistic trapezoid fuzzy linguistic (ITrFL) information considering the uncertainty and inaccuracy of input arguments. Some new aggregation operators called intuitionistic trapezoid fuzzy linguistic weighted average (ITrFLWA), intuitionistic tr...

in recent years, the problem of selecting and evaluating the suppliers in supply chain management has aroused considerable interest in business firms. owing to the development of information systems, reaching an appropriate decision for adopting discrete methods is a need. the researchers intend to present a new model in this paper as a contributing factor in the grey environment in which the r...

This paper presents new approaches to modelling both linguistic and non-linguistic feedback during instruction giving in a virtual domain. Our approach enables finegrained investigation of how language and actions are conditioned by task-level and domain-level features of dialogue. In a preliminary study, we examine the interaction between pauses in linguistic and non-linguistic activity. As fa...

In order to develop effective computerassisted language teaching systems for learners of English as a foreign language, it is first necessary to identify gaps between learners and native speakers in the four basic linguistic skills (reading, writing, pronunciation, and listening). To identify these gaps, the accuracy and fluency in language use between learners and native speakers should be com...

This study aimed at investigating the English textese of Iranian EFL learners by scrutinizing the linguistic features through a qualitative design. In doing so, 700 messages were collected from 43 MA Iranian EFL learners of both genders. The features were categorized and analyzed calculating the frequency and percentage. The findings of the study showed that Iranian EFL students used different ...

Objectives: Language development is often very slower in hearing impaired children compared with their normal peers. Hearing impairment during childhood affects all aspects of speech production and language acquisition. It seems that hearing impaired people suffer from language and speech impairments such as production of complex linguistic structures. The purpose of this study is to determine ...

Customer complaint management is becoming a critical key success factor in today's business environment. This study introduces a methodology to improve complaint-handling strategies through an automatic email-classification system that distinguishes complaints from non-complaints. As such, complaint handling becomes less time-consuming and more successful. The classification system combines tra...

The paper deals with the rigorous methods used in the research of concepts representing abstract notions like “friendship”, “love”, “hatred”, “conscience”, and “envy”. Concepts of that kind have no visible physical support in the material world except for the sound forms of the words representing them, thus causing additional difficulties in classification, research and analysis as well as stip...

â â â  â  abstract â â â  this study addressed the semantic vagueness in aljubby's book (sharih ghareeb alfath almudawana) in almaliki terms. it consists of introduction, preface, three sections, and conclusion. the preface stated the semantic obscurity in language and terminology with the definition of the book (almudawana) in maliki fiqh. the first section studied aljubby's method a...