Mathematical modeling is an important tool to study the role of delay in neural systems and evaluate its effects on signaling activity coupled neurons. Models for delayed neurons are often used represent dynamics real neurons, but rarely assess energy required maintain these dynamics. In this work, we address questions from perspective by considering a pair Hindmarsh-Rose burst reciprocal time-...

in this paper, two methods have been used: multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (ann-mlp) and universal kriging to estimate of velocity field. neural network is an information processing system which is formed by a large number of simple processing elements, known as artificial nerves. it is formed by a number of nodes and weights connecting the nodes. the input data are multiplied ...

introduction: the possible effect of postnatal chemically induced hypothyroidism on nadph- diaphorase containing neurons in different cortical areas of rat neonates. materials and methods: after parturition, dams divided in two groups. the control group receiving drinking water, and experimental group receiving 0.1% ptu in their drinking water. in different postnatal days (p4, p7, p10, p15, p23...

Background and Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease that affects 3% of the population. PD involves a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and subsequent loss of dopamine. Dopamine depletion leads to movement dysfunction and is accompanied with tremor, rigid muscle...

Functional connectivity is a neurobiological notion, informally stating that there would be strong dependence between neurons and this might useful in understanding the way brain encodes stimuli, programs actions, etc. However, practice such dependencies are often reconstructed via Hawkes processes based on an amazingly small number of neurons, because very scarce observation complex huge netwo...

Spiking neural P systems (SNP systems), as computational models abstracted by the biological nervous system, have been a major research topic in computing. In conventional SNP systems, rules neuron remain unchanged during computation. however, biochemical reactions are also influenced factors such substances contained it. Based on this motivation, paper proposes with dynamic generation and remo...

Objective(s): AMP-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 (AMPK/SIRT1) signaling pathway has been proved to be involved in the regulation of autophagy in various models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway on autophagy after spinal cord injury (SCI). Materials and Methods:The SCI model was established in rats in vivo and the primary spinal cord neurons were subject...

Introduction: It is believed that Locus Coeruleus (LC) influences the sensory information processing. However, its role in cortical surround inhibitory mechanism is not understood. In this experiment, using controlled mechanical displacement of whiskers we investigated the effect of phasic electrical stimulation of LC on response of layer V barrel cortical neurons in anesthetized rat. Methods: ...

Introduction: Cholinergic systems are involved in learning and memory. Scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, is used as a standard/ reference drug for inducing cognitive deficits in healthy humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of scopolamine on avoidance memory and number of neurons in rat’s hippocampus. . Methods: Thirty five male alb...

Background: Axotomy causes sensory neuronal loss. Reconnection of proximal and distal nerve ends by surgical repair improves neuronal survival. It is important to know the morphology of primary sensory neurons after the surgical repair of their peripheral processes. Methods: Animals (male Wistar rats) were exposed to models of sciatic nerve transection, direct epineurial suture repair of sciati...