virtual water adds a new dimension to crop trades and provides a new way of thinking about water scarcity. a systematic analysis of virtual water flows requires integration of all critical drivers of virtual water flows under a single consistent framework. the aim of this study was to assess virtual water flows related to trades of grain crops (wheat, corn, rice, and coarse cereals) and their i...

flood routing has many applications in engineering projects and helps designers in understanding the flood flow characteristics in river flows. floods are taken unsteady flows that vary by time and location. equations governing unsteady flows in waterways are continuity and momentum equations which in case of one-dimensional flow the saint-venant hypothesis is considered. dynamic wave model as ...

Abstract The occurrence of tailward flows in the magnetotail plasma sheet is closely linked to dynamics earthward bursty bulk (BBFs). Tailward that are observed vicinity these BBFs (or TWABs – around BBFs) may hold unique information on its origin. In this study, we conduct a statistical survey by using data from Cluster mission. We find ∼75% and their does not depend BBF velocity magnitude. ha...

The present paper surveys important results in the theory of network flows which are not included in the book "Flows in Networks" by Ford and Fulkerson. The survey is divided into three areas: 1. Shortest paths and minimal cost flows, 2. Multi-terminal flows, 3. Multi-commodity flows.

abstract stochastic model for synthetic data generation is not available for daily flows of intermittent streams. such a model is required in the planning and operation of structures on an intermittent stream for purposes where short time flow fluctuations are important. in this study a model is developed for such a case. the model consists of four steps: determination of the days on which flow...