In this paper we introduce the graph layout parameter neighbourhood-width as a variation of the well-known cut-width. The cut-width of a graph G = (V ,E) is the smallest integer k, such that there is a linear layout : V → {1, . . . , |V |}, such that for every 1 i < |V | there are at most k edges {u, v} with (u) i and (v)> i. The neighbourhood-width of a graph is the smallest integer k, such th...

BACKGROUND Neighbourhood characteristics may influence physical activity (PA), which has positive effects on the health of older adults. Older adults with chronic conditions are less active and possibly more affected by environmental factors than their peers. Understanding neighbourhood characteristics associated with PA specific to older adults with chronic conditions is currently lacking. Thi...

STUDY OBJECTIVE This study investigates whether neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage may contribute to child behavioural and emotional problems, beyond the effects of parental socioeconomic status. It also examines the influence of neighbourhood disadvantage on changes in the frequency of behavioural problems from late childhood into early adolescence. DESIGN AND SETTING The study was con...

BACKGROUND This study investigates the effects of neighbourhood income on children's Body Mass Index (BMI) from childhood (ages 2-3) to early adolescence (ages 10-11) using longitudinal data. METHODS Five cycles of data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth are analyzed for a sub-sample of children (n = 2152) aged 2-3 at baseline (1994) and assessed at two year ...

BACKGROUND It is widely believed that the social environment has an important influence on health, but there is less certainty about how to measure specific factors within the social environment that could link the neighbourhood of residence to a health outcome. The objectives of the study were to examine the underlying constructs captured by an adapted version of Buckner's neighbourhood cohesi...

Sanitation in neighbourhood and household domains can provide primary protection against diarrhea morbidity, yet their distinct health benefits have not been succinctly distinguished and reviewed. We present here the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the distinct effect of neighbourhood and household sanitation conditions on diarrhea morbidity. We identified studies reporting the eff...