2. Definition of perineal trauma Anatomically, the perineum extends from the pubic arch to the coccyx and is divided into the anterior urogenital and posterior anal triangle. Anterior perineal trauma is defined as injury to the labia, anterior vagina, urethra or clitoris. Posterior perineal trauma is defined as any injury to the posterior vaginal wall, perineal muscles or anal sphincters and ma...

The superior laryngeal artery is the primary vessel providing blood supply to larynx. Commonly, it derived from thyroid artery. Different variations in origin have been described current literature; knowledge of such crucial for various surgical interventions larynx and procedures lateral region neck regarding carotid triangle. It should be noted that radiological studies, as selective angiogra...

OBJECTIVES To describe a new first-trimester sonographic landmark, the retronasal triangle, which may be useful in the early screening for cleft palate. METHODS The retronasal triangle, i.e. the three echogenic lines formed by the two frontal processes of the maxilla and the palate visualized in the coronal view of the fetal face posterior to the nose, was evaluated prospectively in 100 conse...

Background: Although transient bone loss has been described during and immediately after pregnancy and lactation, the association between breastfeeding and bone mineral density (BMD) after menopause remains controversial. Objective: To assess the association between breastfeeding and BMD in postmenopausal women in a population-based study. Materials and Methods: We randomly selected 245 healthy...

BACKGROUND Neck masses are common in children; they could present diagnostic challenges, and some may be malignant. This study determines the etiology, histopathology, and outcome of treatment in a Nigerian tertiary center. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a three-year retrospective study of children managed with neck masses at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between January 2007 and D...

The most frequent clinical manifestation of vertebral artery dissection is posterior headache or neck pain accompanied or followed by posterior circulation transient ischemic attack or stroke. Rarer clinical features include isolated headache or neck pain, cervical spinal cord ischemia and cervical root impairment. Asymptomatic vertebral artery dissections have been reported. In the case of pri...

OBJECTIVE The omohyoid muscle is a long, thin muscle consisting of superior and inferior bellies and an intermediate tendon, which runs obliquely in the lateral cervical region. The omohyoid is important in neck dissections because it is the surgical landmark for level III and IV lymph node metastases. METHODS In the present study, the anterior and posterior triangle of the neck was dissected...

The thyroid gland is a relatively uncommon site for a secondary malignancy; even less common is a case of malignant melanoma metastatic to the thyroid. We describe the case of a 68-year-old man who presented with a neck mass in the posterior triangle. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) identified the mass as a malignant melanoma. The patient had had no known primary skin melanoma. He underwen...

The digastric muscle is composed by two muscle bellies: an anterior and a posterior, joined by an intermediate tendon. This muscle is situated in the anterior region of the neck. The region between the hyoid bone and the mandible is divided by an anterior belly into two triangles: the submandibular situated laterally and the submental triangle which is located medially. We found that the anatom...