In southern Africa’s “Great Limpopo Transboundary Conservation Area,” potential nature, envisioned as ideal habitats for wildlife, may outweigh actual nature. I refer to this notion of conditional biodiversity as “third nature,” distinguishing it from the equally anthropogenic, but tangible, second nature (“nature” as including human habitation). Conservationists and investors are inventing nat...

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in developing nations face a harsh variety of internal and external stressors on a global scale. International economic development, population increase, and environmental degradation are among a slew of difficult challenges facing the subsistence livelihoods of individuals in artisanal fishing communities. In order to prevent these communities from facing increased ...

Many threatened species rely on ecotourism for conservation funding, but simultaneously suffer direct ecological impacts from ecotourism. For a range of IUCN-Redlisted terrestrial and marine bird and mammal species worldwide, we use population viability analyses to calculate the net effects of ecotourism on expected time to extinction, in the presence of other anthropogenic threats such as poac...

purpose: bipolar disorders of complex and multi-dimensional nature necessitate new therapies.   this research compared the effect of meta-cognitive and psycho-educational family therapy on   dysfunctional attitudes of bipolar patients.   materials and methods: this was a semi-empirical research with pretest-posttest design, using   control group. from among the bipolar woman who had referred to...

Ecotourism is a promising solution for channeling tourism revenues to promote nature conservation and poverty alleviation. However, vulnerable social-ecological conditions may limit the effects of ecotourism in dry rangelands around world. This study implemented paired experimental design survey impacts Ergun grassland, one China’s most commended regions. Compared with livestock feeding busines...