background: uterine natural killer (unk) cells are the most abundant leukocytes in pre-implantation endometrium and early pregnancy deciduas in humans and rodents. they are associated with structural changes in maternal spiral arteries but regulation of their re-cruitment and activation is incompletely understood. the major subpopulation of unk cells in humans expresses cd56, the neural cell ad...

Museums must balance the amount of information given on individual pieces or exhibitions in order to provide sufficient information to aid visitor understanding. At the same time they must avoid cluttering the environment and reducing the enjoyment of the exhibit. Moreover, each visitor has different interests and each might prefer more (or less) information on different artworks depending on t...

Most river deltas are densely populated areas with intensive agriculture. The increased shortage of fresh surface water that results from rising demands expected to lead groundwater pumping, which leads sea intrusion. To correctly project the future resources in deltas, knowing current fresh-salt distribution is a prerequisite. However, uncertainties about these distributions and their drivers ...

The mutant allele frequencies in oncogenes peak around 0.40 and rapidly decrease. In this article, we explain why this is the case. Invoking a key result from mathematical analysis in our model, namely, the inverse function theorem, we estimate the selection pressures of the mutations as a function of germline allele frequencies. Under complete dominance of oncogenic mutations, this selection f...

In our previous report [Aita, T., Morinaga, S., Hosimi, Y., 2004. Thermodynamical interpretation of evolutionary dynamics on a fitness landscape in an evolution reactor I. Bull. Math. Biol. 66, 1371-1403], an analogy between thermodynamics and adaptive walks on a Mt. Fuji-type fitness landscape in an artificial selection system was presented. Introducing the 'free fitness' as the sum of a fitne...

Simple pulmonary stenosis is relatively common. Wood (1950) considers it to account for 12 per cent of cases of congenital heart disease and Campbell (1954) gives the figure of 10 per cent. The two largest series of cases to be reported are those of Abrahams and Wood (1951) 69 cases, and Campbell (1954) 100 cases. This paper deals with a consecutive series of 33 cases. The clinical features are...