We examine regulation of distribution tariffs in the Mexican natural gas industry. Average revenue in each period is constrained not to exceed an upper bound and is calculated as the ratio of total revenue to output in the current period. This regime implies incentives for setting two-part tariffs strategically. The usage charge is typically dropped to its lowest feasible level while the fixed ...

The world in our neighbourhood, as we observe it, is 100% charge asymmetric. We see only matter and any considerable amount of antimatter nearby is excluded [1,2]. A small number of antiprotons and positrons in the cosmic rays (to say nothing of those produced in accelerators) can be prescribed to the secondary origin. Charge asymmetry in terms of visible massive matter defined as/3B = (riB -nf...

We report the synthesis of penicillamine-protected Ag20 nanoclusters (NCs), with properties of high monodispersity, red fluorescence and water solubility. Full characterization of the Ag20 NCs is addressed, along with first-principles optimization calculations, revealing the chemical composition and structure of the as-prepared Ag NCs within a molecular formula [Ag20(DPA)18-H]-. Moreover, natur...

We have developed an ampliier which removes its "ooset" as a natural part of its operation by modifying the charge on a oating gate. The charge on the oating gate is adapted by a combination of electron tunneling and hot-electron injection , resulting in a nonlinear high-pass lter with a cutoo frequency less than 1 Hz. We show experimental data from this autozeroing ampliier for various input w...

We have developed an amplifier which removes its "offset" as a natural part of its operation by modifying the charge on a floating gate. The charge on the floating gate is adapted by a combinat,ion of electron tunneling and hot-electron injection, resulting in a nonlinear high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency less than 1 Hz. We show experimental data from this autozeroing amplifier for vario...

The Schwinger — DeWitt expansion for the evolution operator kernel of the Schrödinger equation is studied for convergence. It is established that divergence of this expansion which is usually implied for all continuous potentials, excluding ones of the form V (q) = aq2 + bq + c, really takes place only if the coupling constant g is treated as independent variable. But the expansion may be conve...

Q balls are nontopological solitonic solutions to a wide class of field theories that possess global symmetries. Here we show that in these same theories there also exists a tower of novel composite Q-ball solutions where, within one composite Q ball, positive and negative charges coexist and swap at a frequency lower than the natural frequency of an individual Q ball. These charge-swapping Q b...

the purpose of this investigation was directed to propose sensitive, accurate and reproducible methods of analysis that can be applied to determine distigmine bromide (dtb), cyclopentolate hydrochloride (cphc), diaveridine hydrochloride (dvhc) and tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (thhc) drugs in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations via charge-transfer complex formation with 7,7,8,8-tetracyan...

tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing enzyme. it can catalyze two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis and benzaldehyde derivatives, which are potential tyrosinase inhibitors.  to find the relationships between charge distributions of benzaldehyde and their pharmaceutical behavior, the present study aimed at investigating nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of quadrupolare nucl...