There is growing interest in the development of regional innovation systems (RISs) and the involvement of higher education institutions. In Thailand, RISs are being widely promoted; it is assumed that the knowledge economy will be built not only at the national but also at sub-national levels. This idea is emphasised during the effective period of recent National Economic and Social Development...

In 1980, national land transport networks in Asia were unconnected between each other and across national borders, financed from public budgets, and tightly controlled by national road and railway administrations. Today, a Trans-Asian transport network is emerging that is governed by an ecosystem of local, national and international, and private sector institutions, and that are an integral par...

The present paper aims to open the discussion on adoption of a simplified, flexible, and harmonized strategic framework for city development in Romania. Besides strategy associated with general urban planning, multiple strategies are elaborated accordance requirements financing authorities specific spatial planning legislation. These were developed at different times by institutions aim substan...

Much evidence points to the fact that managed care plans (health maintenance organizations and preferred provider insurance) reduce costs and offer value for money. Yet they apparently have not helped to slow national health expenditures. One explanation is that the practices of purchasers (including government and employers), the tax laws, and other market imperfections have reduced the demand...

This paper explores the issue of planning in two-person games using approximately learned knowledge which is in the form of macros. A planning technique called Knowledge Enabled Planning, which consists of generating new plans by instantiating and composing the macros and testing them against the opponent's counter-plans, is introduced using a program called LEBL that learns and plans in two-pe...

Pandemic influenza is one of a small number of infectious diseases that pose a significant global threat. Pandemic preparedness has accelerated around the world in recent years in response to the perceived increased risk of a pandemic developing following the emergence of H5N1 avian influenza in domestic poultry flocks in Asia, Africa and Europe. There is a hierarchy of pandemic plans - interna...

Developing countries are starting the process of planning for climate change adaptation at the national level. One of the options available is ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), which recognizes the value of ecosystem services and biodiversity for reducing people's vulnerability to climate change. The effectiveness of EbA is increasingly recognized and EbA options have been used by least-develop...