Turning Bangladesh, one of the world‟s least developed countries, into a digitally developed nation by 2021 was one of the main electoral pledges of the present government. This vision, widely known as „Digital Bangladesh‟, has contributed to a decisive victory for the alliance of ruling parties by securing absolute majority in the parliament. This paper investigates how this vision has been st...

Abstract Globally, there are millions of kilometres drainage ditches which have the potential to emit powerful greenhouse gas methane (CH 4 ), but these emissions not reported in budgets inland waters or drained lands. Here, we synthesise data show that spanning a global latitudinal gradient and across different land uses large quantities CH atmosphere. Area-specific comparable those from lakes...

437 When work began on return of results in genomic research about a decade ago, few thought about the family. The question of whether researchers owed participants a duty to offer back individual results and incidental findings of potential health importance was vexing enough. At that point researchers customarily refrained from offering results to participants. If consent forms said anything ...

In this paper, we propose mechanisms for an adaptive bandwidth allocation (ABA) based on border-to-border (b2b) bandwidth budgets. These budgets can be considered as virtual capacity tunnels binding a fraction of the network capacity and connecting different network border routers. Unlike MPLS label switched paths or ATM virtual path connections associated with a certain bandwidth, these tunnel...

The activity budgets of primates reflect their survival strategy. Despite existing data on the activity budgets of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti), little is known about how activity budgets vary between age-sex classes. This study provides the first detailed activity budgets subdivided by age-sex class, based on observations of the largest habituated group of R. bieti at Xiangg...

OBJECTIVES A key policy question for the government of Uganda is how to equitably allocate primary health care pharmaceutical budgets to districts. This paper seeks to identify variables influencing current primary health care pharmaceutical expenditure and their usefulness in allocating prospective pharmaceutical budgets to districts. METHODS This was a cross sectional, retrospective observa...

Between 2003 and April 2016, 37 of 47 prefectures (i.e., sub-national local governmental units) introduced forest environmental taxes—local payment for services (PES) schemes. These introductions are unique historical natural experiments, in which governments made their own political decisions considering multiple factors. This study empirically evaluates models that explain normalized expendit...

The Human Genome Project has become a reality. Building on a debate that dates back to 1985, several genome projects are now in full stride around the world, and more are likely to form in the next several years. Italy began its genome program in 1987, and the United Kingdom and U.S.S.R. in 1988. The European communities mounted several genome projects on yeast, bacteria, Drosophila, and Arabid...