Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) mechanisms enable ISPs to share a single IPv4 address across multiple customers, thus offering an immediate solution to the IPv4 address scarcity problem. In this paper, we perform a large scale active measurement campaign to detect CGNs in fixed broadband networks using NAT Revelio – a tool we have developed and validated. Revelio enables us to actively determine from w...

BACKGROUND Estimates for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transfusion-transmitted risks have relied on incidence derived from repeat donor histories and imprecise estimates for infectious, preseroconversion window periods (WPs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS By use of novel approaches, WPs were estimated by back-extrapolation of acute viral replication dynamics. Inc...

A PSC was detected on 6 February 2003 in the Arctic stratosphere by in-situ measurements onboard the high-altitude research aircraft Geophysica. Low number densities (∼10−4 cm−3) of small nitric acid (HNO3) containing particles (d<6μm) were observed at altitudes between 18 and 20 km. Provided the temperatures remain below the NAT equilibrium temperature TNAT, these NAT particles have the potent...

In September 2016, the world lost a brilliant scientist and I lost my dearest mentor. It was thirty years ago when I first met Nat Durlach in his office on the seventh floor of MIT’s Research Laboratory of Electronics. My academic advisor suggested that I talk to Nat about research. I did and thus began a very rewarding journal of learning and discovery under the guidance of Nat. Nat didn’t exa...

Natalizumab (NAT) was the first monoclonal antibody to be approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). While pivotal and postmarketing studies have showed considerable and sustained efficacy of NAT in RRMS, the increasing incidence of therapy-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a brain infection caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV), ...

Several endocrine and neuronal functions are governed by the cAMP-dependent pathway. Transcriptional regulation upon stimulation of this pathway is mediated by a family of cAMP-responsive nuclear factors. This family consists of a large number of members, which may act as activators or repressors. These factors contain the basic domain/leucine zipper motifs and bind as dimers to cAMP-response e...

The circadian rhythms in melatonin production in the chicken pineal gland and retina reflect changes in the activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase; AA-NAT; EC 2.3.1.87). Here we determined that the chicken AA-NAT mRNA is detectable in follicular pineal cells and retinal photoreceptors and that it exhibits a circadian rhythm, with peak levels at night. AA-N...