A 31-year-old man with epiphora and mucous discharge from a traumatic lacrimal fistula underwent a computed tomographic dacryocystogram, revealing a fistula extending from the anterior ethmoid air cells through the lacrimal sac to the overlying skin with coexisting nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy enabled complete marsupialization of the lacrimal sac and agger nas...

The purpose of this study was to present the imaging features of primary and secondary malignant lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct tumors and their pattern of tumor spread in 18 patients. The most common tumor histology in our series was squamous cell carcinoma. In 15/18 patients, tumor involved both the lacrimal sac and duct at the time of diagnosis. In 11/16 patients on CT, the nasolacrimal ...

For treatment of a sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP), it is essential to have a definite diagnosis, to identify its origin by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to select the appropriate surgical approach based on the staging system proposed by Krouse. Recently, a new surgical approach named endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy (EMMM) was proposed. This approa...

BACKGROUND Dacryocystorhinotomy (DCR) is a common procedure used to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The modern external DCR, in which the lacrimal sac is opened directly into the nasal cavity, was first described in 1904 by Toti. Since that time, DCR techniques have evolved, including a transnasal endoscopic approach that has gained popularity in parallel with the growth of endoscopic sinu...

Lacrimal scintigraphy (LS) was performed on asymptomatic lacrimal drainage systems and the results were evaluated to understand the physiology of lacrimal drainage. It was found that a physiological obstruction can exist at the level of the nasolacrimal duct in normal asymptomatic individuals, and it is suggested that this obstruction is due to the resistance offered by the valve of Hasner, whi...

A review of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) performed in University Hospital from 1998 till early 2001 were carried out. They were reviewed for indication, functional results, complications and other associated factors. Eleven patients (6 female and 5 male) were reviewed. All had unilateral nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction (6 right, 5 left). Their ages range from 6 to 73 years. All 1...

The lacrimal drainage system consists of the puncta (upper and lower within the eyelids) which are the opening to the upper and lower canaliculus. These meet at the common canaliculus and open into the lacrimal (tear) sac. This runs parallel to the nose and is separated from the middle meatus of the nasal cavity by two thin plates of bone. It continues down to become the nasolacrimal duct (tear...

Eyelid reconstruction remains one of the more challenging areas face to reconstruct due its dynamic complexity. They play an essential role in protecting globe, forming a barrier against trauma, excessive light, and pumping tears towards nasolacrimal duct system. A critical understanding anatomy soft tissue reconstructive options is properly eyelid maintain functional cosmetic components.

PURPOSE To determine the impact of patient positioning and scan orientation on the appearance of air in the nasolacrimal drainage system on computed tomography (CT) imaging, and the repeatability of the observations. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of CT images for 92 patients. RESULTS Air was found to be present more fully in the upright-position group as compared with the supine...