This article deals with the psychological affects of guilt and shame in John Boyne’s novel The Heart’s Invisible Furies how these influence way which narrator, Cyril Avery, chooses to present his life narrative. Being both narrator main character/focalizer events told, question (un)reliability proves extremely relevant for analysis. feels first part —which is also life— on account being a gay m...

American sign language (ASL) uses space itself to encode spatial information. Spatial scenes are most often described from the perspective of the person signing (the 'narrator'), such that the viewer must perform what amounts to a 180 degrees mental rotation to correctly comprehend the description. But scenes can also be described, non-canonically, from the viewer's perspective, in which case n...