the development of mixture designs and retention mapping and their general application to opti-misation problems. It is interesting to compare a later paper (Coenegracht et al.) which explores the use of multicriteria decision-making methods with various retention mapping procedures based on different approaches varying mobile phase composition. The next four papers describe the theory and util...

The amino acid glycine strongly destabilizes a-helical structure in proteins as well as in model helical peptides. We have investigated the role of a single glycine substitution in a helical host peptide system. Quantitatively, a single glycine leucine substitution has about one-third of the effect on the stability of helix as does triple substitution of these residues in the middle of the heli...

Regulatory motifs can be found by local multiple alignment of upstream regions from coregulated sets of genes, or regulons. We searched for regulatory motifs using the program AlignACE together with a set of filters that helped us choose the motifs most likely to be biologically relevant in 17 complete microbial genomes. We searched the upstream regions of potentially coregulated genes grouped ...

The two-component signal transduction (TCS) machinery is a key mechanism of sensing environmental changes in the prokaryotic world. TCS systems have been characterized thoroughly in bacteria but to a much lesser extent in archaea. Here, we provide an updated census of more than 2,000 histidine kinases and response regulators encoded in 218 complete archaeal genomes, as well as unfinished genome...

Dietschy, J. M., Kita, T., Suckling, K. E., Goldstein, J. L. & Brown, M. S . (1983) J . Lipid Res. 24, 469-480 Edge, S. B., Hoeg, J. M., Triche, T., Schneider, P. D. & Brewer, H. B. (1986) J . B i d . Chem. 261, 38063806 Ford, R. P.. Botham, K. M., Suckling, K. E. & Boyd, G. S. (1985) FEBS Lert. 179, 177-180 Halloran, L. G., Schwartz, C. C., Vlahcevic, Z. R., Nisman, R. M. & Swell, L. (1978) Su...

His-Asp phosphorylation pathways (also known as two-component systems) enable bacteria (and primitive eukaryotic cells and/or eukaryotic organelles) to make important adaptive decisions in response to fluctuations in intraor extracellular chemical and/or physical conditions. These sensory systems are composed of a dimeric sensor protein, with an input domain and histidine kinase domain (HK), an...

Useful pathway models require a complete and accurate representation of the system, which requires that all relevant molecular species are captured, together with their physical interactions and chemical reactions. Pathway model reconstruction is currently largely carried out manually by domain experts, who must carefully read the scientific literature, in order to retrieve, evaluate and interp...

The tripeptide ImPImP containing alternating imidazole and pyrrole carboxamides specifically binds the designated six base pair site 5’-d(A,T)GCGC(A,T)-3’ in the minor groove of DNA. Quantitative footprint titration experiments demonstrate that ImPImP binds the sites 5’-AGCGCT-3’ and 5’-TGCGCA-3’ with apparent first order binding affinities of 3.8 x lo5 M-I and 3.6 x lo5 M-I, respectively (25 m...

The designed peptide pyridine-2-carboxamidonetropsin (2-PyN) binds to the minor groove of double-helical DNA at two very different sequences, 5’-TTTTT-3’ and 5’-TGTCA-3’, with comparable energetics but quite different structures. 2-PyN likely binds the 5’-TTTTT-3’ site as a 1:l complex, whereas 2-PyN binds 5’-TGTCA-3’ sites as a 2:l complex. In order to enhance the binding affinity of 2-PyN for...