Our study details the investigation of real pharmaceutical wastewater (PhWW) treatment. A combination of the Fenton process, sand filtration, ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) was tested. The sample of PhWW was highly polluted, containing high chemical oxygen demand (COD, 25,000 mg·L), total organic carbon (TOC, 4,940 mg·L), conductivity (κ, 40,000 mg·L), and t...

Geothermal conditions are extremely favourable in Hungary. Thermal water is accessible in 70% of the territory of the country, with a lowest temperature of 30°C. For energetic purposes, it can be utilized in two different ways: for supplying heat or generating electricity. In relation to utilization, one of the most serious problems derives from the chemical composition of thermal water. The pr...

The widespread occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as steroid hormones, in secondary wastewater effluents has become a major concern in the water recycling practice. This paper investigates the risk of steroid hormone breakthrough during nanofiltration membrane filtration in water recycling applications. The results indicate a dynamic equilibrium between adsorption and des...

Feed water that need to be pre-treated before using methods such as, microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis is characterized by containing turbidity, bacterial content and total dissolved solid which causes fouling and scaling in membrane performance. Thus, it is necessary to develop a method which is cost effective. Pre-treatment has been shown as a good method to...

Membrane filtration in various forms has become an increasingly used treatment method worldwide for the supply of safe drinking water. The fouling membranes is commonly considered to be major operational limitation its wider application since it leads frequent backwashing and a shortening membrane life, increased production costs. components natural organic matter (NOM) surface waters have been...

The textile industry is a water intensive industry that produces a large amount of highly colored wastewater that must be properly treated before disposal or reuse. In the present study, to verify the possibility of reusing textile wastewater with nanofilteration (NF), an attempt was made to treatment of synthetic reactive dye aqueous solution by commercial nanofiltration membrane. Experiments ...

New regulations aimed at curbing the problem of eutrophication introduce limitations for traditional ways to use by-product anaerobic digestion—the digestate. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be a viable way valorise digestate in an energy-efficient manner and same time maximise synergy terms recovery water, nutrients, followed by more efficient remaining carbon. Additionally, hydrothermal ...

The requirement for higher quality drinking water necessitates the application of more efficient water treatment techniques. Nanofiltration is one promising option for enhanced water treatment, for example, in enhanced organic matter removal. The characteristics of different nanofiltration membranes vary remarkably, and the selection of a membrane has to be made according to the requirements of...

The rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) by an osmotically driven membrane filtration process was investigated. A set of 40 compounds representing major groups of TrOCs of concern was selected for this study. The rejection of the TrOCs by a commercial cellulose acetate asymmetric forward osmosis membrane, as well as a ''tight'' commercial thin-film composite nanofiltration (NF) membr...

Cellulose acetate (CA) is a semisynthetic, biodegradable polymer. Due to its characteristics, CA has several applications, including water membranes, filament-forming matrices, biomedical nanocomposites, household tools, and photographic films. This review deals with topics related the which are prepared using different techniques, such as phase inversion technique. membranes considered very im...