ABSTRACT Advances in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a cornerstone structure elucidation of polycyclic 'cage' scaffolds. Due to the compactness these compounds, much overlap, as well unique through-space and bond NMR interactions are frequently observed. This review serves guide for future derivatives by providing some typical relevant aspects characteristic trends, substituent...

Materials and methods: This experimental study included 38 Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Groups 1 (males) and 2 (females) were exposed to smoke beginning on the 21st day after birth, whereas groups 3 (males) and 4 (females) were not exposed to smoke. At the end of the fourth month, right eyes of all rats were enucleated. Immunohistochemical analysis was perform...

Several researchers, including M. Gell-Mann, argue that the notion of Kolmogorov complexity, developed in the algorithmic information theory, is useful in physics (i.e., in the description of the physical world). Their arguments are rather convincing, but there seems to be a gap between traditional physical equations and Kolmogorov complexity: namely, it is not clear how the standard equations ...

In randomisation and permutation inference, pivotal arguments remove the hypothesised treatment effect, thereby basing inferences on the null distribution in which the treatment has no effect. This is common, for instance, with additive treatment effects. The current paper uses ‘attributable effects’ to expand substantially the scope of pivotal arguments. Attributable effects are defined for th...