Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the signaling mechanisms of LPS-induced COX-2 expression in cardiomyocytes are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gp91(phox)-containing NADH oxidase signaling pathway in LPS-induced COX-2 expression in cardiomyocytes. Cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes showed basal CO...

Alfalfa NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), together with glutamine synthetase, plays a central role in the assimilation of symbiotically fixed nitrogen into amino acids in root nodules. Antibodies previously raised against purified NADH-GOGAT were employed to screen a cDNA library prepared using RNA isolated from nodules of 20-day-old alfalfa plants. A 7.2-kb cDNA clone was obtaine...

NADH and Ca2+ have important regulatory functions in cardiomyocytes related to excitation-contraction coupling and ATP production. To elucidate elements of these functions, we examined the effect of NADH on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and the mechanisms of this regulation. Physiological concentrations of cytosolic NADH inhibited ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2)-mediated Ca2+-induce...

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is a multistep process dependent on beta-cell metabolic flux. Our previous studies on intact pancreatic islets used two-photon NAD(P)H imaging as a quantitative measure of the combined redox signal from NADH and NADPH (referred to as NAD(P)H). These studies showed that pyruvate, a non-secretagogue, enters beta-cells and causes a transient rise in NAD(P)H. To...

An aged Ru complex has been successfully employed for the photochemical monoreduction of NAD + achieving mediator-free NADH formation with only aid l -cysteine and visible light.

in this report we are going to discuss the following subjects: 1. indications of muscle biopsy in which situation it can not be helpful. 2. how to take a muscle biopsy? 3. how a muscle biopsy should be operated? 4. which techniques do we need to read and interpret a muscle biopsy histologically (h & e staining, histochemical study, electron microscopy). 5. muscle disease histopathologic changes...

Background: Nicotinamide treatment decreases mitochondria content and helps cells maintain high mitochondrial quality. Results: Metabolically-enhanced NAD/NADH ratio and chemical-induced SIRT1 activation alike decreased mitochondria content, increased autophagy and induced mitochondrial fragmentation. Conclusion: Mitochondria content is modulated by high NAD/NADH ratio and mechanisms that invol...

The involvement of nicotinamide adenine nucleotides (NAD(+), NADH) in the regulation of glycolysis in Lactococcus lactis was investigated by using (13)C and (31)P NMR to monitor in vivo the kinetics of the pools of NAD(+), NADH, ATP, inorganic phosphate (P(i)), glycolytic intermediates, and end products derived from a pulse of glucose. Nicotinic acid specifically labeled on carbon 5 was synthes...

NADPH nitrate reductase activity in higher plants has been attributed to the presence of NAD(P)H bispecific nitrate reductases and to the presence of phosphatases capable of hydrolyzing NADPH to NADH. To determine which of these conditions exist in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Steptoe), we characterized the NADH and NADPH nitrate reductase activities in crude and affinity-chromatography-purif...

Tissue distribution and kinetic parameters for the four isoenzymes of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1, PDK2, PDK3 and PDK4) identified thus far in mammals were analysed. It appeared that expression of these isoenzymes occurs in a tissue-specific manner. The mRNA for isoenzyme PDK1 was found almost exclusively in rat heart. The mRNA for PDK3 was most abundantly expressed in rat testis. The m...