Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a wide spectrum of myocardial ischaemia varying from assuredly benign to potentially fatal. Cardiac biomarkers have had a major impact on the management of this disease and are now the cornerstone in its diagnosis and prognosis. In this review we discuss both the established and the newer emerging biomarkers in ACS and their role in highlig...

In the setting of acute myocardial infarction, early and adequate reopening of an infarct-related artery is not necessarily followed by a complete restoration of myocardial perfusion. This condition is usually defined as 'no-reflow'. The pathophysiology of no-reflow is multifactorial since extravascular compression, microvascular vasoconstriction, embolization during percutaneous coronary inter...

The use of biomarkers is one of the most important strategies for risk stratification among the increasing number of patients admitting to hospitals for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The revolutionary benefit of using cardiac-specific troponins in this setting is the excellent specificity and sensitivity for myocardial injury, and several studies have confirmed the superiority of troponins as ...

Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) was previously shown to reduce infarct size and improve contractile performance in chronic myocardial ischemic injury via two phases of action: an acute phase, just after injury, when Tβ4 preserves ischemic myocardium via antiapoptotic or anti-inflammatory mechanisms; and a chronic phase, when Tβ4 activates the growth of vascular or cardiac progenitor cells. In order to di...

BACKGROUND AND GOAL OF STUDY Postoperative myocardial infarction is a serious and frequent complication of cardiac surgery. Nonetheless, diagnosis in this context it is occasionally challenging. We sought to evaluate the kinetics and diagnostic accuracy of the new biomarker « heart-type fatty acid-binding protein » (h-FABP) in the early detection of myocardial injury in patients undergoing off-...

Perimyocarditis is an acute inflammation of the pericardium and the underlying myocardium resulting in myocellular damage. It can simply be considered as acute pericarditis with elevated cardiac biomarkers. The coexistence of acute myocarditis and pericarditis is not uncommon since both are commonly caused by cardiotropic viruses. The 2 terms “perimyocarditis” and “myopericarditis” are used to ...

Several studies have reported that the antioxidant properties of melatonin can provide cardiac protection through scavenging of free radicals. This study sought to investigate the efficacy of melatonin on cardiac biomarkers, myocardial-specific protein high sensitive troponin-T (hs-TnT) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoin...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of seven biomarkers, which individually have been shown to be independent predictors, for use in a combined multimarker model for long-term cardiovascular outcome after non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). DESIGN AND SETTING Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), myeloperoxidase, pregnancy-associated plasma prot...

Background: Early diagnosis and proper treatment of patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ischemic heart disease are important in determining prognosis, preventing adverse effects, and may even save lives. In this study, the level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in ACS patients was compared with the control group, in addition to cardiac Troponin (cTn) and creatine kin...

INTRODUCTION Cardiac biomarkers have a prominent role in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AIM The aim of the authors was to study the diagnostic effectiveness of automated measurement of cardiac biomarkers. METHOD Myeloperoxidase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, myoglobin, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB, high-sensitivity troponin...