BACKGROUND The major disadvantage of using a stem cell-based bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) gene therapy for skull defect is the overgrowth of generated bone tissue in situ. In the present study, to overcome bony overgrowth of stem cell based-gene therapy, a new strategy of two-stage bone tissue engineering by an adeno-associated virus containing BMP4 gene (AAV-BMP4) gene therapy was used....

Osteonecrosis of femoral head is a painful disabling condition seen in association with many disorders like corticosteroids consumption, alcohol abuse, haemoglobinopathy (sickle cell disease, coagulopathies), certain renal, hepatic and skin disorders commonly affecting young patients ranging from 20-40 years.1-3 It is now recognized as a major musculo-skeletal problem mostly affecting the young...

BACKGROUND Novel bone substitutes have challenged the notion of autologous bone grafting as the 'gold standard' for the surgical treatment of fracture nonunions. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that autologous bone grafting is equivalent to other bone grafting modalities in the management of fracture nonunions of the long bones. METHODS A retrospective review of patients...

Distal radial physis closure in children can develop severe wrist deformity (radial shortening). These patients can be treated using a single-step surgery. It was carried out in the form of a corrective osteotomy adopting the volar approach, with fixed-angle volar plate fixation and bone grafting from the iliac crest. There have been few descriptions of the use of this technique in the manageme...

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery found in a symptomatic 9-year-old boy was initially treated with coronary artery bypass grafting using a left internal mammary artery anastomoses to the left anterior descending coronary artery, but resulted in coronary ischemia, likely from a steal phenomenon. Subsequent transection of the proximal left internal mammary artery with anastomosis to th...

Secondary bone grafting in the alveolar cleft is performed to improve alveolar shape, guide permanent tooth eruption or move permanent teeth in the alveolar cleft area, and improve a concaved base in the nasal wing [1]. Such bone grafting is typically conducted 6-9 years before canine tooth eruption [2]. However, in some cases, patients obtain their permanent dentition without receiving bone gr...

The challenge of treating large osseous defects presents a formidable problem for orthopedic and maxillofacial surgeons. The present method of choice to replace lost tissue is autologous bone grafting, but supplies of autologous bone are limited and harvesting of the graft is associated with donor site morbidities [1]. Artificial biomaterials offer much promise, but do not, by themselves, suppl...

UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION Symptomatic spondylolysis is always challenging to treat because the pars defect causing the instability needs to be stabilized while segmental fusion needs to be avoided. Direct repair of the pars defect is ideal in cases of spondylolysis in which posterior decompression is not necessary. We report clinical results using segmental pedicle-screw-rod fixation with bone...