T o improve midfacial soft-tissue sagging, it is sometimes necessary to release the zygomatic and upper masseteric retaining ligaments in the sub-superficial musculoaponeu-rotic system (SMAS) plane. Release of these ligaments needs to be done carefully to avoid any injuries to the branches of the facial nerve. Some of the zygomatic branches run toward the zygomaticus major muscle and are locate...

BACKGROUND Several modifications of the classic retromuscular Stoppa technique to facilitate dissection beyond the lateral border of the rectus sheath recently were reported. We describe a novel technique of transversus abdominis muscle release (TAR) for posterior component separation during major abdominal wall reconstructions. METHODS Retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing ...

U nintended intramuscular insulin injection increases the variation in the insulin absorption rate, thereby increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. To reduce the risk of intramuscular injection, shorter injection needles should be tested, particularly in lean patients (1–3). The objective of this study was to measure the distance from skin surface to muscle fascia in lean diabetic patients and to ...

Muscular herniation consists of focal muscular protrusions through an acquired or congenital fascial defect. The anterior tibialis muscle is most frequently affected. Asymptomatic muscle hernias are usually treated conservatively. For severe symptoms or cosmetic complaints, several surgical techniques are available to treat muscle herniation, including fasciotomy, fascial patch grafting using a...

To find out whether diabetic children may inject their insulin intramuscularly rather than subcutaneously, a random sample of 32 patients aged 4.3-17.9 (median 11.3) years was studied. Distance from skin to muscle fascia was measured by ultrasonography at standard injection sites on the outer arm, anterior and lateral thigh, abdomen, buttock, and calf. Distances were greater in girls (n = 15) t...

The article introduces the hypothesis that intramuscular connective tissue, in particular the fascial layer known as the perimysium, may be capable of active contraction and consequently influence passive muscle stiffness, especially in tonic muscles. Passive muscle stiffness is also referred to as passive elasticity, passive muscular compliance, passive extensibility, resting tension, or passi...

An angiosome is a composite block of tissue that is supplied anatomically by source (segmental or distributing) vessels that span between the skin and bone. In addition to supplying the deep tissues, the source vessels of these angiosomes supply branches to the overlying skin, which pass either between the deep tissues or through the deep tissues, usually muscle, to pierce the outer layer of th...

A 47-year-old white male with a background history of chronic left sciatic pain developed a lump on the left thigh. Muscle MRI showed changes consistent with myotome L5 hypertrophy, while a lumbosacral MRI showed a disc protrusion at L4-L5. Continuous complex repetitive discharges became evident through needle electromyogram with a muscle biopsy showing chronic denervation changes. Botulinum to...

BACKGROUND Pelvic-floor anatomy is usually studied by artifact-prone dissection or imaging, which requires prior anatomical knowledge. We used the serial-section approach to settle contentious issues and an interactive 3D-pdf to make the results widely accessible. METHOD 3D reconstructions of undeformed thin serial anatomical sections of 4 females and 2 males (21-35y) of the Chinese Visible H...

Dupuytren's disease, (DD), is a fibroproliferative condition of the palmar fascia in the hand, typically resulting in permanent contracture of one or more fingers. This fibromatosis is similar to scarring and other fibroses in displaying excess collagen secretion and contractile myofibroblast differentiation. In this report we expand on previous data demonstrating that POSTN mRNA, which encodes...