Already in the seventies, Austria started to document constitutional law electronically. In 1990, a comprehensive documentation of Austrian law and court decisions was started. The Legal Information System of the Republic of Austria (Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes – RIS) is one major part of several IT – applications in the judicial field. Today RIS is accepted as one pillar in the network...

In this paper we study the regional pattern of municipal business property tax rates in the province of British Columbia. Reduced form tax setting equations produce some evidence that municipal governments respond to tax changes in neighboring jurisdictions. However, a joint investigation of the determinants of tax base and municipal taxation decisions reveals that it is difficult to interpret ...

Municipal infrastructure is a fundamental facility for the normal operation and development of an urban city and is of significance for the stable progress of sustainable urbanization around the world, especially in developing countries. Based on the municipal infrastructure data of the prefecture-level cities in China, municipal infrastructure development is assessed comprehensively using a FA...

A field trial was performed to investigate the effect of municipal biowaste biochar (MBB) on rice and wheat growth, metal bioaccumulation, and greenhouse gas emissions in a rice paddy in eastern China. MBB was amended in 2010 before rice transplanting at rates of 0 and 40 t ha -1 in a field experiment lasting one cropping year. MBB soil amendment significantly increased soil pH, total soil orga...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Dutch public health services are charged with collective preventive care for the population--care that should, by law, be based on epidemiological data. General practices potentially offer important data for this purpose, particularly since more and more use a computer. This study aimed to assess whether it is possible to obtain useful epidemiological data from this source. DE...

It is generally acknowledged that immovable property taxes are one of the main revenue sources for local government. The literature emphasizes that the administration of property taxes needs well-developed inventories or registers that provide complete and accurate records of the taxed properties and their legaleconomic attributes. This requirement is generally fulfilled by Spatial Data Infrast...

*Correspondence: J. N. Chung, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA e-mail: [email protected] Two concept systems that are based on the thermochemical process of high temperature steam gasification of lignocellulosic biomass and municipal solid waste are introduced.The primary objectives of the concept systems are (1) to develop the ...

citizenship is one of the most important sociopolitical concepts that have full of ups and downs along the history and thinkers and scholars interested in socio culture issues have been challenged and discussed since ancient times. this concept consists of a set of rights and obligations that member of society have in related to each other, entities, and society. the aim of the research is to i...

Since the eleventh century, the establishment of municipal institutions (Concelhos) in Portugal followed the process of creation of the country itself. Military reasons were present in this association because of the constant state of war with bordering Islam. The Concelhos helped to secure the conquests through the settlement of population. However we find this is only a partial description of...

Results of a field study carried out at Trinitapoli (Puglia region, southern Italy) on the irrigation of an artichoke crop with three types of water (secondary-treated wastewater, SW; tertiary-treated wastewater, TW; and freshwater, FW) are reported. Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were performed on the irrigation water, and on soil and yield samples. The levels of most of the c...