this paper presents a new arc starter circuit that is usable in manual metal arc welding (mma) power supplies. the proposed circuit uses an auxiliary circuit and a series coupling transformer for adding high frequency spikes to output dc voltage during arc striking. the proposed circuit is usable in inverter based arc welding supplies and it could result in a decrease of weigh, volume and expen...

A reliability analysis of suspension bridges against buffeting failure due to gustiness of wind velocity is carried out using the concept of PRA (probabilistic risk analysis) procedure. For this purpose, the bending stresses at the critical nodes of the bridge deck are obtained for buffeting forces using a spectral analysis technique and a finite element approach. For the purpose of reliability...

We examine the diverse ways Brahmagupta (628 CE), Mahāvīra (ca. 850)Mahavira [Mahaviracaya], Śrīdhara 750–900) andSrîdhara their commentatorsCommentator understood how a multiplication could be performed. describe variety of algorithms. note commentators give us cluesClue (Historical work from) to numbers were shaped for calculation, procedures displayedDisplay [Displayed]Layout, Working-surfac...