In this tutorial, we provide a broad introduction to the topic of interaction between the effects of exposures. We discuss interaction on both additive and multiplicative scales using risks, and we discuss their relation to statistical models (e.g. linear, log-linear, and logistic models). We discuss and evaluate arguments that have been made for using additive or multiplicative scales to asses...

Attributes Attribute Document in DTMR The Diagnosing Teachers Multiplicative Reasoning Project (DTMR Project) is an exploratory project working to assess teachers’ reasoning about multiplicative relations among quantities. The domain of multiplicative reasoning includes operations with fractions, decimals, ratios, percents, proportions, linear functions and more advanced topics. These topics ar...

In this paper, we propose a new static analysis method which is applicable for a classical linear logic programming language. Andreoli et al. proposed a static analysis method for the classical linear logic programming language LO, but their method did not cover multiplicative connectives which are important for a resource-sensitive feature of linear logic. Our method, in contrast, covers multi...

M.Radulescu proved the following result: Let X be a compact Hausdorff topological space and π : C(X)→ C(X) a supra-additive and supra-multiplicative operator. Then π is linear and multiplicative. We generalize this result to arbitrary topological spaces.

Proof. Denote by 1 the unit element of B. Let a ∈ B×. We show that 1 and a can be connected by a path in B×. Let A be the subalgebra of B generated by 1 and a. That is A = {P (a) : P (t) ∈ C[t]}. Because A× ⊂ B×, it suffices to find a path in A× that connects 1 with a. First, we determine all multiplicative functionals of A. Since A is a linear subspace of B, it is finite dimensional. Then ther...

1Introduction: The generalized linear signal processing systems have been introduced and extensively studied by Oppenheim et al. [5] at the end of the 1960s. A generalized linear signal processing system consists of vector spaces for the input and output signal sets and a linear mapping, called the system transformation [5]. In their research, Oppenheim et al. have mainly focused on the impleme...

the grace mission has substantiated the low–low satellite-to-satellite tracking (ll-sst) concept. the ll-sst configuration can be combined with the previously realized high–low sst concept in the champ mission to provide a much higher accuracy. the line of sight (los) acceleration difference between the grace satellite pair is the most frequently used observable for mapping the global gravity f...

there are several kinds of hyperrings, for example, krasnerhyperrings, multiplicative hyperring, general hyperrings and$h_v$-rings. in a multiplicative hyperring, the multiplication isa hyperoperation, while the addition is a binary operation. in this paper, the notion of derivation on multiplicative hyperrings is introduced and some related properties are investigated. {bf keywords:} multiplic...