Abstract: Renal abscesses are rare in childhood. They have vague manifestations and  any delay in proper diagnosis and treatment could lead to morbidity and mortality. We present a 5 year old girl with multiple renal abscesses after pyelonephritis that lead to total nephrectomy due to multiple drug resistance.  The renal abscess may have subtle symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment strongly...

Histoid Leprosy (HL) is a rare variant of Lepromatous Leprosy, occurring in long-standing cases, mostly in a background of acquired drug resistance. Patients usually present with sudden onset multiple nodules and plaques, most often involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk and lower limbs. Here we report an unusual case of de novo (without any history of prior anti-leprotic therapy) ...

micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding small rna molecules with 21–25 nucleotides. it plays significant role in control of gene expression at posttranscriptional/translational level. they are commonly dysregulated in human cancers, whereas they may behave either as oncogenes or as tumor-suppressor genes. both genetic and epigenetic events in deregulation of mirna can lead to cancer development. gene...

background: urinary tract infection (uti) is a common cause for diseases in infants. various studies have suggested that infants with uti benefit from a lower rate of breastfeeding compared to control groups. our experimental evidence showed if breastfed infants are infected with a uti, their response to treatment is faster and better. objectives: the aim of this study is to compare bacterial r...

background vancomycin resistant isolates of enterococcous faecium (vre) have previously been reported from tehran hospitals. however, little data were available on the genetic heterogeneity of vre isolates among the iranian population. therefore the emergence of infections with the new clones of vre needs to be investigated. the drug resistance surveillance program at labbafinejad hospital has ...

background immunomodulators and nucleotide analogues have been used globally for the dealing of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. however, the development of drug resistance is a major limitation to their long-term effectiveness. objectives the aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis b virus reverse transcriptase (rt) protein variations among iranian chronic hbv carriers wh...

conclusions our experimental and in silico findings may provide new insight in the complex molecular pathways of drug resistance and also could assist design an efficient therapeutic strategy for aspergillosis treatment. results four out of five isolates revealed cyp51a and mdr1 mrna overexpression. interestingly, the isolate, which was negative for cyp51a and mdr1 mrna expression showed a high...

the miru-vntr polymorphism and katg463 mutation are used to genotype the mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the correlation between them and inh-resistance were unknown. this study was aimed to explore whether etre polymorphism and katg463 mutation could predict the inh-resistance, and the relationship between etre polymorphism and katg463 mutation.the etre, katg463 mutation and drug resistance in...

materials and methods the l. tropica strain was attenuated using continuous passaging 20 times. the infectivity of l. tropica was confirmed in balb/c mice. the l. tropica resistant strain was produced in vitro using a continuous increase in drug pressure. the cross resistance of l. tropica to other drugs was also investigated. results after 20 continuous passages, the balb/c mice tested negativ...