Background Every foot muscle crosses and acts upon multiple joints. The close association of foot bones and their supportive ligaments creates several closed kinematic chains. The movement of one bone necessitates the movement of several others. Terms that describe foot motion do not seem to account for these correlated motions. This presentation shows that “plantarflexion-dorsiflexion” necessi...

When ascospores from crosses of certain strains were germinated under conditions selective for heterozygosity of complementing markers on one linkage group, a portion of the resulting colonies were also heterozygous for unselected markers on other chromosomes, implying multiple disomy. The frequency of disomy and the pattern of marker homozygosity are consistent with most or all multiple disomi...

1. Closely related taxa may be maintained as distinct species by a variety of reproductive isolating mechanisms. These include: inability to produce hybrid offspring, endogenous selection against hybrids in the form of genomic incompatibilities, and exogenous selection observable in genotypeby-environment interactions. To understand the relative importance of these three isolating mechanisms, w...

PAGE INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 395 Materials, methods and remarks. ............................................... Crosses between YW and YY ................................................ Crosses between YW and WW ............................................... Crosses between YY and WW ............................................... Silk gl...

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Atetraploid family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...