Streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase exhibits activities toward the hydrolyses of peptides and bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (40 billion fold) and catechol oxidation reported herein with catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) only about 10 times smaller than that of gypsywort catechol oxidase. The multifunctionality of this enzyme suggests that it is a unique system for further exploration of protein stru...

Background Recently, we could demonstrate in humans that (ultrasmall) superparamagnetic iron-oxide (U/SPIO)-based contrast agents enable a detailed characterization of myocardial infarct pathology. Considering the multifunctionality of U/SPIO-based nanoparticles (magnetic targeting as well as diagnostic imaging properties) and their superior safety profile compared to gadoliniumbased compounds,...

Galectin-3 has a unique trimodular design consisting of the canonical lectin domain, a collagen-like tandem-repeat section and an N-terminal peptide with two sites for Ser phosphorylation. Structural characterization of the full-length protein with its non-lectin part (115 of 250 residues) will help understand the multifunctionality of this potent cellular effector. Here, we report H, C, and N ...

In this paper the role of non-linear control structures for the development of multifunctional robot behavior in a self-organized way is discussed. This discussion is based on experiments where combinations of two behavioral tasks are incrementally evolved. The evolutionary experiments develop recurrent neural networks of general type in a systematically way. The resulting networks are investig...

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid is highly acid labile, but introduction of amino acid replacements, including an N17D change in VP1, can increase its acid resistance. Using mutant VP1 N17D as a starting point, we isolated a virus with higher acid resistance carrying an additional replacement, VP2 H145Y, in a residue highly conserved among picornaviruses, which has been proposed t...

Background and Purpose: Innovations play an important role in multifunctional forestry due to changing demands for forest goods and services. The multifunctionality can be a result of a joint provision of several outputs from individual forest holding or specialized forest activities. The goal of this paper is to make a comparative analysis from data obtained in two surveys in 2002 and 2010 rel...

It is well known that biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) guarantee the well-being of human society. Most studies have focused on relationship between function, less about individual combined effects above- below-ground under grazing disturbance. The aim our study was to investigate plant soil microbial (bacterial fungal) diversity disturbance by using multiple methods assess mu...