BACKGROUND The Ethiopian epidemic is currently on the wane. However, the situation for infected children is in some ways lagging behind due to low treatment coverage and deficient prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Too few studies have examined HIV infected children presenting to care in low-income countries in general. Considering the presence of local variations in the nature of the ...

PROBLEM There is concern in the aviation community that pilot schedules can lead to fatigue and increased chance of an aviation accident. Yet despite this concern, there is little empirical analysis showing the relationship between pilot schedules and commercial aviation accidents. This study attempts to demonstrate an empirical relationship between pilot schedules and aviation accidents. MET...

OBJECTIVE To assess the level of knowledge of primary school teachers in the public school network of Northeastern Brazil with respect to management of dental trauma and its relationship with prognosis. METHODS A questionnaire was applied to 195 school teachers of public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The questionnaire comprised 12 objective questions about dental trauma and methods for its ...

This paper is the sixth in a series of statistics articles recently published by Australian Critical Care. In this paper we explore the most commonly used statistical tests to compare groups of data at the nominal level of measurement. The chosen statistical tests are the chi-square test, chi-square test for goodness of fit, chi-square test for independence, Fisher's exact test, McNemar's test ...

10.1 The Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test. The general area of nonparametric statistical inference deals with statistical procedures such as hypothesis testing, point estimation and confidence intervals in problems where the parent distribution has no known functional form. For one reason or another, the chi-square goodness of fit test is considered to be in this area, and so we present it here....

The information inequality has been shown to be an effective tool for providing lower bounds for the minimax risk. Bounds based on the chisquare distance can sometimes offer a considerable improvement especially when applied iteratively. This paper compares these two methods in four examples including the bounded normal mean problem as well as obervations from a Poisson distribution.

OBJECTIVES To examine whether wheelchair users' self-reports of height and weight differed significantly from direct measurements and whether weight category classifications differed substantially when based on self-reported or measured values. DESIGN Single group, cross-sectional analysis. Analyses included paired t tests, chi-square test, analysis of variance, and Bland-Altman agreement ana...

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a lower lingual holding arch (LLHA) in maintaining arch length, and to compare the effectiveness of two LLHAs made of two different gauges (0.9 and 1.25 mm) of stainless steel (SS) wire. The sample comprised 44 subjects (24 males and 20 females) who for various reasons attended orthodontic clinics at Jordan University of Science and T...

BACKGROUND Feedback delivery is deemed as a key element during a students' clinical education. It keeps students on track to meet their goal and increase students' motivation and confidence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the quality of feedback delivery in oral versus written feedback delivery to nursing students in clinical education. METHODS A randomized controlled trial ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to (1) compare parental and child recording of children's fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, including family-related factors, and (2) investigate the potential differences in the relation of children's and parents' perceptions of family-related factors. METHODS Children were recruited from Dutch seventh and eighth grade classrooms. Each child and ...