Primary spinal cord oligodendrogliomas are rare tumors comprising two percent of all spinal cord tumors. Although a treatment guideline has yet to be established, maximal surgical resection is primary in the treatment of spinal cord oligodendrogliomas. Adjuvant radiotherapy has remained controversial, and it is unclear whether chemotherapy adds any benefit. In this case report, the authors pres...

Background: Gel polymers are considered as new dosimeters for determining radiotherapy dose distribution in three dimensions.Objective: The ability of a new formulation of MAGIC-f polymer gel was assessed by experimental measurement and Monte Carlo (MC) method for studying the effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in prostate dose distributions under the internal Ir-192 and external 18MV radiothe...

Background: To evaluate computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion images for delineating gross tumor volume (GTV) in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) of nasophanrygeal carcinoma (NPC), and compare treatment outcomes between CT- and CT+MRI-based targets. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 NPC patients treated with 3D-CRT were included, in which, 60 ...

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina is a very rare disease. We present case study 52-year-old female who presented to hospital with complaints urinary dribbling, burning micturition, pain, and per vaginal bleeding for three four months. A firm globular mass approximately 5-6 cm was felt in anterior wall speculum examination. Diagnosis made tissue biopsy immunohistochemistr...

Radiotherapy, particularly the target delineation of cancer based on scanned images, plays a key role in the planning of cancer treatment. Recently, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) has emerged as a prospective superior procedure compared with intensified computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in the target delineation of cancer. However, the impli...

The increased frequency of PSA testing has led to an increased diagnosis of early organ confined prostate cancer. Diagnosis is primarily made by histology, via TRUS-guided sextant biopsy or template biopsy which can provide improved localisation of cancer within the prostate. Staging is from digital rectal examination, from imaging with multi-parametric MRI (TNM staging), from PSA levels, and f...

The central nervous system, in particular the spinal cord, is a rare site for primary lymphoma occurrence, with very few published cases. We report an extremely rare primary lymphoma in the cauda equina in a single case with literature review. An immunocompetent 59-year-old male, who complained of progressive low back and bilateral leg pain for 7 months, was studied. Magnetic resonance imaging ...

Radiotherapy for liver malignancy is increasing due to advances in radiotherapy technique. Visualization of the tumor as well as fiducial markers is essential. To see if improved visibility exists on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we evaluated an iron-containing fiducial marker. A patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and a patient with cholangiocarcinoma were en...

OBJECTIVES Biologically guided radiotherapy needs an understanding of how different functional imaging techniques interact and link together. We analyse three functional imaging techniques that can be useful tools for achieving this objective. MATERIALS AND METHODS The three different imaging modalities from one selected patient are ADC maps, DCE-MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT, because they are wide...

Abstract The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria for high-grade gliomas (RANO-HGG) and low-grade (RANO-LGG) were developed to improve the reliability of response assessment glioma trials. Over time some limitations these identified, uncertainty emerged regarding integrating features modified RANO (mRANO) or immunotherapy (iRANO) criteria. Informed by data from a cohort gliobla...