Parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV+) are a key component of inhibitory networks in the brain and known to modulate memory learning by shaping network activity. The mechanisms PV+ neuron generation maintenance not fully understood, yet current evidence suggests that signalling via glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor GFR?1 positively modulates migration differentiation ...

Nervous system lesions are characterized by the loss of neuronal numbers and types. The neurotrophic factor levels in an injured tissue reflect their potential for regeneration. This hypothesis was investigated in olfactory bulb (OB), where olfactory tract was surgically transected disrupting neuronal migration and turnover. The effects were followed with quantification of mitral cells and thre...

In the developing vertebrate nervous system the survival of sensory neurons becomes dependent on neurotrophic factors when their axons reach their target fields, and the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) by target field cells commences with the arrival of the earliest axons. The timing of NGF synthesis and the onset of neurotrophic factor dependence are not, however, reliant on innervation...

Dekan Summary BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) plays an important role in neuronal survival, growth and maintenance of several neuronal systems, serves as neurotransmitter modulator and participates in plasticity important for learning and memory. BDNF is widely expressed in the CNS, beginning early in development and extending throughout life. In the mammalian brain, it is most abundan...

Disruption of the leptin signaling pathway within the heart causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Because human obesity is a syndrome of leptin resistance, which is not amenable to leptin treatment, the identification of parallel signal transduction pathways is of potential therapeutic value. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which acts parallel to leptin in the hypothalamus, is not prev...

An enormous amount of efforts have been poured to find an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among those, neurotrophic peptides that regenerate neuronal structures and increase neuron survival show a promise in slowing neurodegeneration. However, the short plasma half-life and poor blood-brain-barrier (BBB)-permeabilit...

The neuroprotective effect of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has been extensively studied in various toxic models of Parkinson's disease. However, it remains unclear whether this neurotrophic factor can protect against the toxicity induced by the aggregation-prone protein α-synuclein. Targeted overexpression of human wild-type α-synuclein in the nigrostriatal system, using aden...

objective: growth differentiation factor 9b (gdf9b) is an oocyte-derived growth factor. this protein is essential for the development of ovarian follicles and acts mainly by binding to its receptor on the surface of granulosa cells. the effect of gdf9b on the growth of follicles in various developmental stages, particularly primordial and primary follicles, is unknown. thus the aim of this stud...

BACKGROUND Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder that easily causes physical impairments and a high suicide rate. Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside is a crucial ganglioside for the central nervous system and has been reported to affect the function of the brain derived neurotrophic factor system. This study is aimed to evaluate whether monosialotetrahexosylganglioside has antidepressant-l...