Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) are an essential tool of the Roll Back Malaria strategy. An increasing number of African countries have embarked on mass distribution campaigns of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) with the ultimate goal of universal coverage. Such a national campaign with the goal of one ITN for every two people has been conducted in Burkina Faso in 2010. Ou...

BACKGROUND A sharp rise in the malaria mortality rate has been observed recently in western Kenya. Malaria is transmitted by mosquito vectors. Malaria control strategies can be more successful if the distribution and abundance of mosquito vectors is predicted. However, how mosquito vectors are distributed in space remain poor understood, and this question is rarely studied using spatial methods...

An urgent need exists for new agents to control mosquito vectors of disease. Mosquito larvicides based on the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) or B. sphaericus (Bs) are effective in many habitats, but use is limited by their high cost. Moreover, mosquito resistance evolves rapidly to Bs where it is used intensively. The efficacy of these bacteria is due to a binary prote...

Higher-than-average precipitation levels may cause mosquito outbreaks if mosquitoes are limited by larval habitat availability. Alternatively, recent ecological research suggests that drought events can lead to mosquito outbreaks the following year due to changes in food web structure. By either mechanism, these mosquito outbreaks may contribute to human cases of West Nile Virus (WNV) in the re...

Nearly all experts agree that insecticidetreated mosquito nets (ITNs) are a lifesaving intervention, supported by strong evidence from carefully conducted trials that show ITNs to be efficacious at preventing all-cause child mortality and malaria morbidity in children and pregnant women [1,2]. Under program conditions, ITNs have also been associated with significant reductions in malaria morbid...

b a ckground: several important diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes. despite of the potential of the occurrence of some mosquito-borne diseases such as west nile, dirofilariasis and malaria in the region, there is no recent study of mosquitoes in west azerbaijan province. the aim of this investigation was to study the fauna, composition and dis- tribution of mosquitoes and the characteristic...

The impact of emergent macrophyte species and crepuscular sprinkler disturbance on mosquito abundance over a 2-year period was measured in wetland mesocosms. Mosquito oviposition and abundance of immature mosquitoes and aquatic invertebrates were monitored in monotypic plots of small-stature (height of mature stands <1.5 m) alkali bulrush (Schoenoplectus maritimus) and large-stature (height of ...

The current Zika health crisis in the Americas has created an intense interest in mosquito control methods and products. Mosquito vectors of Zika are of the genus Aedes, mainly the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. L. The use of repellents to alter mosquito host seeking behavior is an effective method for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases. A large number of different spray-on repell...

Mosquitoes vary in their competence or ability to transmit arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Many arboviruses cause disease in humans and animals. Identifying the environmental and genetic causes of variation in mosquito competence for arboviruses is one of the great challenges in public health. Progress identifying genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) factors influencing mosquito ...

West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted to vertebrate hosts primarily by infected Culex mosquitoes. Transmission of arboviruses by the bite of infected mosquitoes can potentiate infection in hosts compared to viral infection by needle inoculation. Here we examined the effect of mosquito transmission on WNV infection and systematically investigated multiple factors that differ between mosquito infe...